Large Language Models for HVAC Operations in Building Energy Systems: A Critical Review of Methods, Applications, and Deployment Readiness

arXiv:2609.05314 · cs.AI, cs.CL, cs.SY, eess.SY · Submitted 2026-09-04 · Read on arXiv

cs.AI, cs.CL, cs.SY, eess.SY

Submitted: 2026-09-04

Updated: 2026-09-04

Comments: 38 pages, 9 figures, 16 tables. Submitted to Energy and Buildings

License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/

Terminology

• Ontology — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Benchmark — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Human-in-the-Loop — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Large Language Models (LLMs) — 1× in this paper · explained in 6 episodes
• Model Predictive Control (MPC) — 1× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Reinforcement Learning — 1× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Reinforcement Learning (RL) — 1× in this paper · explained in 25 episodes

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