CROCODIL: Cross-Model Code Editing with LLMs

arXiv:2609.03894 · cs.CL, cs.SE · Submitted 2026-09-03 · Read on arXiv

cs.CL, cs.SE

Submitted: 2026-09-03

Updated: 2026-09-03

Code: https://github.com/EngineeringSoftware/Crocodil

Terminology

• Prompt Engineering — 8× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Reinforcement Learning — 6× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• GRPO — 5× in this paper · explained in 6 episodes
• Benchmark — 3× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Verification — 3× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Actor — 2× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• In International Conference on Learning Representations — 2× in this paper
• Large Language Models (LLMs) — 2× in this paper · explained in 6 episodes
• Mann-Whitney U — 2× in this paper
• Reward Function — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Adaptation — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Benchmarking — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Commentary — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Deep Reinforcement Learning — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Fine-Tuning — 1× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Foundation Model — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Foundation Models — 1× in this paper · explained in 7 episodes
• Group Relative Policy Optimization — 1× in this paper
• Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) — 1× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• In International Conference on Software Engineering — 1× in this paper
• KL Regularization — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Regularization — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• State Management — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• alpha — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode

Sources

• Program Synthesis with Large Language Models
• Evaluating Large Language Models Trained on Code
• Olmo 3
• Qwen2.5-Coder Technical Report
• Tackling Length Inflation Without Trade-offs: Group Relative Reward Rescaling for Reinforcement Learning
• gpt-oss-120b & gpt-oss-20b Model Card
• Code Llama: Open Foundation Models for Code
• DeepSeekMath: Pushing the Limits of Mathematical Reasoning in Open Language Models
• Qwen3 Technical Report

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