Inferred Generative-Process Diversity Predicts Correlated Failure Across Language Models

arXiv:2609.03422 · cs.LG, cs.MA · Submitted 2026-09-03 · Read on arXiv

cs.LG, cs.MA

Submitted: 2026-09-03

Updated: 2026-09-03

Code: https://github.com/UKGovernmentBEIS/inspect_ai

Terminology

• Benchmark — 67× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Semantic Similarity — 16× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Redundancy — 11× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Aggregation — 6× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Adaptation — 5× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Embeddings — 4× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Robustness — 4× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Accuracy — 3× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Axioms — 3× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Clustering — 3× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Cosine Similarity — 3× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Failure Modes — 3× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Normalised Information Distance — 3× in this paper
• Algorithmic Information Theory — 2× in this paper
• Homogeneity — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Adam — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Agent Architectures — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Agentic System — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Consistency — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Context Tree Weighting — 1× in this paper
• Ensemble Learning — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Multi-Agent System — 1× in this paper · explained in 6 episodes
• Normalised Compression Distance — 1× in this paper
• Pairwise Comparisons — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Scaffolding — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Trace — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Verifier — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes

Sources

• Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problems
• WorldSense: A Synthetic Benchmark for Grounded Reasoning in Large Language Models
• Multi-Agent Risks from Advanced AI
• Distributional AGI Safety

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