Evolutionary pathways toward survival of a thick CO2- or SO2-rich atmosphere on the lava world TOI-561 b

arXiv:2609.03144 · astro-ph.EP, physics.ao-ph · Submitted 2026-09-02 · Read on arXiv

astro-ph.EP, physics.ao-ph

Submitted: 2026-09-02

Updated: 2026-09-02

Comments: Submitted to ApJ; 26 pages, 6 figures

Code: https://github.com/FormingWorlds/PROTEUS

License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/

Terminology

• Core — 28× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Abundance — 16× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Aperture — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Benchmark — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Consistency — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• EMMA — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Entrainment — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Hysteresis — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Metallicity — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Trace — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• alpha — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode

Sources

• A Highly Reflective Atmosphere on the Lava World TOI-561b Revealed by JWST/NIRSpec Phase Curve
• Planet Formation Theory in the Era of ALMA and Kepler: from Pebbles to Exoplanets
• Strong fractionation of deuterium and helium in sub-Neptune atmospheres along the radius valley
• Helium escaping from the atmosphere of a nearby rocky exoplanet orbiting in a habitable zone
• Evidence for an Atmosphere on the Ultra-Short Period super-Earth HD 3167 b
• Chemical Habitability: Supply and Retention of Life's Essential Elements During Planet Formation
• Constraining the lives and times of exoplanets through evolutionary Bayesian retrievals
• Beyond the mass-radius plane: Integrated radiative-convective and interior structure simulations of the exoplanet continuum
• Coupled atmospHere Interior modeL Intercomparison (CHILI). I. Evolutionary Modelling -- Primordial Magma Oceans of Earth and Venus
• Sulfur photochemistry observationally traces mantle redox states of rocky planets
• Atmospheric evolution through outgassing and escape on young molten rocky exoplanets
• Geophysical and atmospheric implications of f O 2-dependent melting on rocky exoplanets
• Strong and variable stratospheric CO emission from lava-planet 55 Cnc e observed with NIRCam/JWST

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