CRAW: Codec Robust Audio Watermarking

arXiv:2609.03107 · cs.SD, cs.CR, cs.LG · Submitted 2026-09-02 · Read on arXiv

cs.SD, cs.CR, cs.LG

Submitted: 2026-09-02

Updated: 2026-09-02

Code: https://github.com/DavidC1212/craw

Project page: https://davidc1212.github.io/craw-audio-samples

Terminology

• Fidelity — 52× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Robustness — 50× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Ablation — 14× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Generalization — 7× in this paper · explained in 13 episodes
• Ablation Studies — 4× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Codec Robust Audio Watermarking — 3× in this paper
• F1 Score — 3× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Adam — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Adaptation — 2× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Diffusion Model — 2× in this paper · explained in 8 episodes
• Fine-Tuning — 2× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Provenance — 2× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Zero-Shot Generalization — 2× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Ablation study — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Benchmark — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Decode — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Diffusion Models — 1× in this paper · explained in 6 episodes
• Diffusion Process — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Perceptual Evaluation of Speech Quality — 1× in this paper
• Quantization — 1× in this paper · explained in 12 episodes
• Redundancy — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Short-Time Objective Intelligibility — 1× in this paper
• Transformer — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Verification — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Wavelet Transform — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes

Sources

• WavMark: Watermarking for Audio Generation
• SOLIDO: A Robust Watermarking Method for Speech Synthesis via Low-Rank Adaptation
• AWARE: Audio Watermarking with Adversarial Resistance to Edits
• Smark: A Watermark for Text-to-Speech Diffusion Models via Discrete Wavelet Transform

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