LexIssue: Benchmarking Legal Issue Identification in Chinese Civil Litigation

arXiv:2609.02954 · cs.CL · Submitted 2026-09-02 · Read on arXiv

cs.CL

Submitted: 2026-09-02

Updated: 2026-09-02

Code: https://github.com/thunlp/LexIssue

Terminology

• Alignment — 33× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• RAG — 21× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Benchmark — 18× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Verification — 14× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Alignment Verification — 11× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Accuracy — 7× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Legal Issue Classification — 6× in this paper
• Abstraction — 5× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Benchmarking — 5× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• LLM judge — 5× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Legal Issue Generation — 5× in this paper
• Embeddings — 3× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Annotator Agreement — 2× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Consistency — 2× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Core — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Foundation Model — 2× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Foundation Models — 2× in this paper · explained in 7 episodes
• Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) — 2× in this paper · explained in 16 episodes
• Semantic Similarity — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Calibration — 1× in this paper · explained in 7 episodes
• Fine-Tuning — 1× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Grounding — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• LLM-as-a-Judge — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Redundancy — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Reinforcement Learning — 1× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Representation Learning — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes

Sources

• The Llama 3 Herd of Models
• DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning
• Matryoshka Representation Learning
• LegalOne: A Family of Foundation Models for Reliable Legal Reasoning
• Towards General Text Embeddings with Multi-stage Contrastive Learning
• CAIL2018: A Large-Scale Legal Dataset for Judgment Prediction
• C-Pack: Packed Resources For General Chinese Embeddings
• SGPT: GPT Sentence Embeddings for Semantic Search
• Qwen3 Technical Report
• DISC-LawLLM: Fine-tuning Large Language Models for Intelligent Legal Services
• Qwen3 Embedding: Advancing Text Embedding and Reranking Through Foundation Models

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