MultiGhostBench: A Multilingual Benchmark for Long-Form LLM-Generated Text Attribution under Distribution Shifts

arXiv:2609.02379 · cs.CL, cs.AI, cs.CY, cs.DL, cs.IR · Submitted 2026-09-02 · Read on arXiv

cs.CL, cs.AI, cs.CY, cs.DL, cs.IR

Submitted: 2026-09-02

Updated: 2026-09-02

Code: https://github.com/GrecoMT/MultiGhostBench

License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/

Terminology

• Benchmark — 25× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Trace — 19× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Distribution Shift — 8× in this paper · explained in 6 episodes
• Transformer — 6× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Embeddings — 5× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Redundancy — 4× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Benchmarking — 3× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Perplexity — 3× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Adaptation — 2× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Compression Ratio — 2× in this paper
• Domain Shift — 2× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Fine-Tuning — 2× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Lexical Diversity — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Low-Resource Languages — 2× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• N-gram Diversity — 2× in this paper
• Robustness — 2× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Verification — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Accountability — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Annotator Agreement — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Consistency — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Contrastive Learning — 1× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Evaluation Dimensions — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Generalization — 1× in this paper · explained in 13 episodes
• Generative AI — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Large Language Models (LLMs) — 1× in this paper · explained in 6 episodes
• Representation Learning — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Transferability — 1× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes

Sources

• The Malicious Use of Artificial Intelligence: Forecasting, Prevention, and Mitigation
• Spanish Pre-trained BERT Model and Evaluation Data
• Gemini 2.5: Pushing the Frontier with Advanced Reasoning, Multimodality, Long Context, and Next Generation Agentic Capabilities
• DeepSeek-V3 Technical Report
• BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding
• Adaptation of Deep Bidirectional Multilingual Transformers for Russian Language
• gpt-oss-120b & gpt-oss-20b Model Card
• Multilingual Large Language Model: A Survey of Resources, Taxonomy and Frontiers
• Who Wrote the Book? Detecting and Attributing LLM Ghostwriters
• Towards Reliable Detection of LLM-Generated Texts: A Comprehensive Evaluation Framework with CUDRT
• Qwen3 Technical Report

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