StateSwap: Probing Support-Elimination Hidden States in Multiple-Choice Questions

arXiv:2609.01081 · cs.CL, cs.AI · Submitted 2026-09-01 · Read on arXiv

cs.CL, cs.AI

Submitted: 2026-09-01

Updated: 2026-09-07

Code: https://github.com/Cha0Ga0/SWAPSTATE

Terminology

• Accuracy — 30× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Steering — 20× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Ablation — 13× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Benchmark — 12× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Transformer — 9× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Consistency — 8× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Cosine Similarity — 8× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Calibration — 7× in this paper · explained in 7 episodes
• Robustness — 7× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Activation Steering — 6× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Aggregation — 6× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Alignment — 6× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Activation Addition — 5× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Embeddings — 4× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Activation Patching — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Fine-Tuning — 2× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Semantic Similarity — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Cognitive Load — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Core — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Distribution Shift — 1× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• F1 Score — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• In-Context Learning — 1× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Interpretability — 1× in this paper · explained in 15 episodes
• Large Language Models (LLMs) — 1× in this paper · explained in 6 episodes
• Principal Component Analysis (PCA) — 1× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Representation Engineering — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Self-consistency — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Training-Free Framework — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Verification — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes

Sources

• How does Chain of Thought Think? Mechanistic Interpretability of Chain-of-Thought Reasoning with Sparse Autoencoding
• ChatGLM: A Family of Large Language Models from GLM-130B to GLM-4 All Tools
• How to use and interpret activation patching
• Prefix-Tuning: Optimizing Continuous Prompts for Generation
• Latent Chain-of-Thought? Decoding the Depth-Recurrent Transformer
• In-context Learning and Induction Heads
• Self-Consistency Improves Chain of Thought Reasoning in Language Models
• Qwen2.5 Technical Report
• Finite State Automata Inside Transformers with Chain-of-Thought: A Mechanistic Study on State Tracking
• Option-ID Based Elimination For Multiple Choice Questions
• Representation Engineering: A Top-Down Approach to AI Transparency

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