Reinforcement Learning Enhanced LLM Agents for Complex Vehicle Routing Problems

arXiv:2609.00859 · cs.AI · Submitted 2026-09-01 · Read on arXiv

cs.AI

Submitted: 2026-09-01

Updated: 2026-09-01

Terminology

• Reinforcement Learning — 14× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• RAG — 10× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Ablation — 7× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Success Rate — 7× in this paper
• Action Space — 6× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Multi-Agent Framework — 6× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Q-learning — 6× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Embeddings — 5× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Reinforcement Learning Enhanced LLM Agents — 5× in this paper
• Ablation study — 4× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Combinatorial Optimization — 4× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Meta-learning — 4× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Robustness — 4× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Accuracy — 3× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Meta-Learning with Evolved Memory — 3× in this paper
• Runtime Error Rate — 3× in this paper
• Adaptation — 2× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Distillation — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Interpretability — 2× in this paper · explained in 15 episodes
• Retrieval-Augmented Generation — 2× in this paper
• Ablation Studies — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Adam — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Agent Architectures — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Agentic Framework — 1× in this paper · explained in 6 episodes
• Benchmark — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Chain-of-Thought (CoT) — 1× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Computational overhead — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Core — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Decoupling — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Deep Reinforcement Learning — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Generalization — 1× in this paper · explained in 13 episodes
• Grounding — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Iterative Refinement — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Knowledge Distillation — 1× in this paper · explained in 11 episodes
• Large Language Models (LLMs) — 1× in this paper · explained in 6 episodes
• Markov Decision Process (MDP) — 1× in this paper · explained in 11 episodes
• Multi-Agent System — 1× in this paper · explained in 6 episodes
• Multi-agent Collaboration — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Multi-modal Inputs — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Regularization — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Resource Constraints — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Reward Function — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Semantic Similarity — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Structured Reasoning — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes

Sources

• ARS: Automatic Routing Solver with Large Language Models
• PhGPO: Pheromone-Guided Policy Optimization for Long-Horizon Tool Planning
• Synthesis of Mathematical programs from Natural Language Specifications
• NL4Opt Competition: Formulating Optimization Problems Based on Their Natural Language Descriptions
• Neural Combinatorial Optimization Algorithms for Solving Vehicle Routing Problems: A Comprehensive Survey with Perspectives

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