NSIDDx: A Design Framework for Neuro-Symbolic, Practitioner-First Differential Diagnosis in Low-Resource Settings

arXiv:2609.00256 · cs.CL · Submitted 2026-08-31 · Read on arXiv

cs.CL

Submitted: 2026-08-31

Updated: 2026-09-11

Code: https://github.com/joetheguide2/NSIDDX-

Terminology

• Accuracy — 21× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Benchmark — 9× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Ontology — 9× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Failure Modes — 5× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Grounding — 5× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Knowledge Graph — 5× in this paper · explained in 7 episodes
• RAG — 5× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Core — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Cosine Similarity — 2× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Data Sovereignty — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Embeddings — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Human-in-the-Loop — 2× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Interpretability — 2× in this paper · explained in 15 episodes
• Propositional Logic — 2× in this paper
• Ablation — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Aggregation — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Alert Fatigue — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Alignment — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Domain Shift — 1× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Explainability — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Failure Taxonomy — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Fidelity — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Hallucination — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Information Gain — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Modular Architecture — 1× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Quantization — 1× in this paper · explained in 12 episodes
• Scaffolding — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Semantic Similarity — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Sparsity — 1× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Structured Reasoning — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes

Sources

• Learning to reason about rare diseases through retrieval-augmented agents
• Capabilities of GPT-4 on Medical Challenge Problems
• MedKGI: Iterative Differential Diagnosis with Medical Knowledge Graphs and Information-Guided Inquiring
• Knowledge Graph Augmented Large Language Models for Disease Prediction
• Health-LLM: Personalized Retrieval-Augmented Disease Prediction System

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