Cross-lingual Functional Vectors for Emotion Detection in Large Language Models

arXiv:2608.29613 · cs.CL, cs.LG · Submitted 2026-08-30 · Read on arXiv

cs.CL, cs.LG

Submitted: 2026-08-30

Updated: 2026-08-30

Code: https://github.com/yingjie7/cross_lingual_fvs

Terminology

• Steering — 15× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• F1 Score — 7× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• In-Context Learning — 6× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Cross-lingual Transfer — 5× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Latent Representation — 5× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Latent Representations — 5× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Transferability — 5× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Transformer — 5× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Adam — 4× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Latent Space — 4× in this paper · explained in 7 episodes
• Adaptation — 3× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Cosine Similarity — 3× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Interpretability — 3× in this paper · explained in 15 episodes
• Activation Steering — 2× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Alignment — 2× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Benchmark — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Computational overhead — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Cross-Lingual Activation Steering — 2× in this paper
• Generalization — 2× in this paper · explained in 13 episodes
• Large Language Models (LLMs) — 2× in this paper · explained in 6 episodes
• Robustness — 2× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Ablation — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Ablation Studies — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Activation Patching — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Consistency — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Decode — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Generative Model — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Generative Models — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• In-Context Learning (ICL) — 1× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Semantic Understanding — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes

Sources

• The Llama 4 Herd: Architecture, Training, Evaluation, and Deployment Notes
• Evaluating the Capabilities of Large Language Models for Multi-label Emotion Understanding
• The Llama 3 Herd of Models
• Cross-Lingual Activation Steering for Multilingual Language Models
• Do Multilingual LLMs Think In English?
• OpenAI GPT-5 System Card
• Qwen3 Technical Report

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