More Rejective, Not More Discriminative: The Unit of Verification in Pre-Execution LLM Oversight

arXiv:2608.23941 · cs.AI · Submitted 2026-08-25 · Read on arXiv

cs.AI

Submitted: 2026-08-25

Updated: 2026-08-25

Comments: 37 pages, 20 figures, 32 tables, including appendices

License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/

Terminology

• Verifier — 125× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• AUC — 50× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Verification — 19× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Trace — 10× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Abstention — 9× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Calibration — 9× in this paper · explained in 7 episodes
• Grounding — 9× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Deferral — 8× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Regret — 6× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Fidelity — 5× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Generalization — 5× in this paper · explained in 13 episodes
• Robustness — 5× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• AI Agents — 4× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Benchmark — 4× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Consistency — 4× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Analyzer — 3× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Clustering — 3× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Core — 3× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Provenance — 3× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Quantization — 3× in this paper · explained in 12 episodes
• Accuracy — 2× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Alignment — 2× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Test-time Scaling — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Abstraction — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Additivity — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Agentic System — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Benchmarking — 1× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Domain Shift — 1× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Generalizability — 1× in this paper · explained in 6 episodes
• Hallucination — 1× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Model Drift — 1× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Multi-Agent System — 1× in this paper · explained in 6 episodes
• Steering — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• alpha — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode

Sources

• AutoMix: Automatically Mixing Language Models
• Monitoring Reasoning Models for Misbehavior and the Risks of Promoting Obfuscation
• $\tau^2$-Bench: Evaluating Conversational Agents in a Dual-Control Environment
• Ctrl-Z: Controlling AI Agents via Resampling
• Measuring Progress on Scalable Oversight for Large Language Models
• Weak-to-Strong Generalization: Eliciting Strong Capabilities With Weak Supervision
• Web-Shepherd: Advancing PRMs for Reinforcing Web Agents
• AgentProcessBench: Diagnosing Step-Level Process Quality in Tool-Using Agents
• The Llama 3 Herd of Models
• Dynamic Speculative Agent Planning
• Language Model Cascades: Token-level uncertainty and beyond
• PrefixGuard: Online Failure Warning and Trace-Grounded Diagnosis for LLM Agents
• Selective Question Answering under Domain Shift
• When to Trust the Cheap Check: Weak and Strong Verification for Reasoning
• A sketch of an AI control safety case
• Granularity-Regulated Adaptive Computational Efficiency for Optimal Verification in Test-Time Scaling
• ToolPRMBench: Evaluating and Advancing Process Reward Models for Tool-using Agents
• Let's Verify Step by Step
• Robots That Ask For Help: Uncertainty Alignment for Large Language Model Planners
• Sherlock: Reliable and Efficient Agentic Workflow Execution

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