Cows, Tasmanian Devils, and Other Mysteries: Diversity and Origins of Luminous Fast Blue Optical Transients
astro-ph.HE
Submitted: 2026-08-24
Updated: 2026-08-24
Comments: Invited review submitted to Reports on Progress in Physics. 70 pages, 22 figures, 3 tables. Comments welcome
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
The gist: By repeatedly mapping the sky, optical telescopes have unveiled a diverse landscape of transients, ephemeral celestial events arising from the destruction of stars and stellar remnants.
Terminology
Abstract
By repeatedly mapping the sky, optical telescopes have unveiled a diverse landscape of transients, ephemeral celestial events arising from the destruction of stars and stellar remnants. In this review, we focus on a recently identified phenomenon referred to as luminous fast blue optical transients (LFBOTs) and typified by the transient AT2018cow ("The Cow"). AT2018cow was distinguished by luminous emission at X-ray and radio wavelengths in addition to luminous, rapidly evolving, and blue optical emission. Certain LFBOTs have properties that have not been seen in any other class of transients, such as minutes-duration optical flaring in AT2022tsd ("The Tasmanian Devil"). Determining the physical origin of LFBOTs is likely important for understanding stellar evolution and the formation and growth of compact objects such as black holes. We describe how LFBOTs were discovered, their basic observational properties, and the models that have been proposed to explain them. We conclude by highlighting promising avenues for resolving the mystery of their origins.
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