CyberFactory: Scaling Cyber Security Capabilities with Instances from the Wild

arXiv:2608.23181 · cs.CR, cs.CL · Submitted 2026-08-24 · Read on arXiv

cs.CR, cs.CL

Submitted: 2026-08-24

Updated: 2026-09-01

Comments: We updated scores with models trained on updated agentic data

License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/

Terminology

• Benchmark — 10× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Fine-Tuning — 6× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Verification — 6× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• AI Agents — 4× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Adam — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Iterative Refinement — 2× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Large Language Models (LLMs) — 2× in this paper · explained in 6 episodes
• Trace — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Verifier — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Ablation — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Adaptation — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Benchmarking — 1× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• CVEs with Common Weakness Enumeration — 1× in this paper
• Core — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Large Language Model (LLM) — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Provenance — 1× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes

Sources

• CyberSecEval 2: A Wide-Ranging Cybersecurity Evaluation Suite for Large Language Models
• DeepSeek-V4: Towards Highly Efficient Million-Token Context Intelligence
• GLM-5: from Vibe Coding to Agentic Engineering
• CyberPal.AI: Empowering LLMs with Expert-Driven Cybersecurity Instructions
• Harnessing LLM Agents with Skill Programs
• SecQA: A Concise Question-Answering Dataset for Evaluating Large Language Models in Computer Security
• SkillGen: Verified Inference-Time Agent Skill Synthesis
• ARVO: Atlas of Reproducible Vulnerabilities for Open-Source Software
• VulnLLM-R: Specialized Reasoning LLM with Agent Scaffold for Vulnerability Detection
• NYU CTF Bench: A Scalable Open-Source Benchmark Dataset for Evaluating LLMs in Offensive Security
• Kimi K3: Open Frontier Intelligence
• CyberMetric: A Benchmark Dataset based on Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Evaluating LLMs in Cybersecurity Knowledge
• Cybench: A Framework for Evaluating Cybersecurity Capabilities and Risks of Language Models
• Cyber-Zero: Training Cybersecurity Agents without Runtime

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