A Standardized Framework for Machine Learning in Power System Protection

arXiv:2608.20181 · cs.LG, cs.AI, eess.SP · Submitted 2026-08-20 · Read on arXiv

cs.LG, cs.AI, eess.SP

Submitted: 2026-08-20

Updated: 2026-08-20

Comments: 32 pages, 4 figures, 26 tables. Code: https://github.com/julianoelhaf/protection-eval-framework. Dataset: PROTECT-90, doi:10.5281/zenodo.21109169

Journal ref: International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, Volume 181, 2026, 112169

DOI: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2026.112169

Code: https://github.com/julianoelhaf/protection-eval-framework

License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/

Terminology

• Benchmark — 44× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Robustness — 32× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Fidelity — 20× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Ablation — 18× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Transformer — 15× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Verification — 6× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Accuracy — 5× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• International Electrotechnical Commission — 5× in this paper
• Linear probe — 5× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Provenance — 5× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Data Provenance — 4× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Embeddings — 4× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• F1 Score — 4× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Regularization — 4× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Adam — 3× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Adaptation — 3× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Distribution Shift — 3× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Evaluation Dimensions — 3× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Failure Modes — 3× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Feature Extraction — 3× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Aggregation — 2× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Artificial Intelligence (AI) — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Core — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Foundation Model — 2× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Interpretability — 2× in this paper · explained in 15 episodes
• Accountability — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Alignment — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Communication Overhead — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Consistency — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Energy Society Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference — 1× in this paper
• Feature Selection — 1× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Framework for Artificial Intelligence — 1× in this paper
• Generalizability — 1× in this paper · explained in 6 episodes
• Generalization — 1× in this paper · explained in 13 episodes
• Reinforcement Learning — 1× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Scaffolding — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Sparsity — 1× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Systems Using Machine Learning — 1× in this paper
• Wavelet Transform — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes

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