AndroidReality: How Far Are Mobile Agents from the Real World?

arXiv:2608.07775 · cs.AI · Submitted 2026-08-07 · Read on arXiv

Xiaoou Liu, Longchao Da, Hanyang Chen, Yuan Ling, Hua Wei

cs.AI

Submitted: 2026-08-07

Updated: 2026-08-11

License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/

Terminology

• Robustness — 45× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Benchmark — 44× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Verification — 10× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Grounding — 9× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Test-Time Introspective Recovery — 9× in this paper
• Alignment — 8× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Benchmarking — 5× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Model-Agnostic — 4× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Action Space — 3× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Failure Modes — 3× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Markov Decision Process — 3× in this paper
• Markov Decision Process (MDP) — 3× in this paper · explained in 11 episodes
• Verifier — 3× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Fine-Tuning — 2× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Foundation Model — 2× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Foundation Models — 2× in this paper · explained in 7 episodes
• Reasoning Traces — 2× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Reinforcement Learning — 2× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Trace — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Visual Grounding — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Calibration — 1× in this paper · explained in 7 episodes
• Evaluation Dimensions — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Generalization — 1× in this paper · explained in 13 episodes
• Introspection — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Online Reinforcement Learning — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Transformer — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• World Model — 1× in this paper · explained in 7 episodes

Sources

• Generalization in Online Reinforcement Learning for Mobile Agents
• UI-TARS: Pioneering Automated GUI Interaction with Native Agents
• Mobile-Agent-v3: Fundamental Agents for GUI Automation
• Mobile-Agent-v3.5: Multi-platform Fundamental GUI Agents
• MobileWorld: Benchmarking Autonomous Mobile Agents in Agent-User Interactive and MCP-Augmented Environments
• Foundations and Recent Trends in Multimodal Mobile Agents: A Survey
• Enhancing Trustworthy GUI Grounding via Self-Critiqued Reinforcement Learning
• A Survey of Sim-to-Real Methods in RL: Progress, Prospects and Challenges with Foundation Models
• A Survey: Learning Embodied Intelligence from Physical Simulators and World Models
• On the Reliability of Computer Use Agents
• Lost in Execution: On the Multilingual Robustness of Tool Calling in Large Language Models
• PaliGemma 2: A Family of Versatile VLMs for Transfer
• Show-o: One Single Transformer to Unify Multimodal Understanding and Generation
• Qwen3-VL Technical Report
• Kimi-VL Technical Report
• DeepSeek-OCR 2: Visual Causal Flow
• KnowU-Bench: Towards Interactive, Proactive, and Personalized Mobile Agent Evaluation
• ST-WebAgentBench: A Benchmark for Evaluating Safety and Trustworthiness in Web Agents

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