The JDISC Survey: Inner Disk Chemistry of Class I/FS Disks and Tentative Evidence for Early Pebble Drift
Ke Zhang, Andrea Banzatti, Colette Salyk, Abygail Waggoner, Klaus Pontoppidan, María José Colmenares, Ilaria Pascucci, Lucas A. Cieza, Miguel Vioque, Paola Pinilla, Geoffrey A. Blake, Joan Najita, Joe Williams, Sebastiaan Krijt, Till Kaeufer, Jane Huang, Feng Long, Chengyan Xie, Minjae Kim, Eshan Raul, Dary A. Ruíz-Rodríguez, Nicole Arulanantham, Benoît Tabone, Mayank Narang, Karina Mauco
astro-ph.EP, astro-ph.GA, astro-ph.SR
Submitted: 2026-07-24
Comments: 45 pages, 25 figures, 11 tables. Accepted for publication in AJ
Code: https://github.com/spexod/iSLAT
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
The gist: We present the first chemical survey of Class I and Flat-Spectrum (I/FS) disks using JWST MIRI/MRS, targeting sixteen sources in the Ophiuchus star-forming region.
Terminology
Abstract
We present the first chemical survey of Class I and Flat-Spectrum (I/FS) disks using JWST MIRI/MRS, targeting sixteen sources in the Ophiuchus star-forming region. Through empirical line luminosity measurements and multi-component slab modeling, we characterize the molecular reservoir of these young systems and compare them to twelve Class II disks of similar stellar mass. Water, HCN, C 2 H 2, and CO 2 are frequently detected in I/FS sources with inclinations i < 70, whereas edge-on systems show significantly suppressed emission. Compared to Class II disks, I/FS sources show suggestive---though not yet statistically significant---evidence for elevated cold water (about 200,K) mass and lower CO 2 excitation temperatures. Statistical analyses identify accretion luminosity as the primary correlate of molecular mass across both evolutionary stages. Once this dependence is removed, cold water and CO 2 masses anti-correlate with mm-dust disk radius, while hot water remains insensitive to disk size. These patterns are qualitatively consistent with pebble drift models that predict early water enrichment followed by delayed CO 2 delivery, suggesting an evolutionary progression from molecular-poor Class 0 sources, through water-rich Class I/FS disks, to Class II disks with reduced cold water excess. This work provides an initial evolutionary framework for disk chemistry that requires larger, multi-region samples to confirm.
Sources
- Molecular diagnostics for the mid-infrared emission of planet-forming disks. Carbon and oxygen elemental abundances
- The Ophiuchus DIsc Survey Employing ALMA (ODISEA). Substructures as a function of SED Class and disc mass in 100 systems
- Chemistry and IR emission of acetylene in planet-forming regions of T Tauri disks. Impact of elemental abundances and dust properties
- Chemical Habitability: Supply and Retention of Life's Essential Elements During Planet Formation
- Demographics of young stars and their protoplanetary disks: lessons learned on disk evolution and its connection to planet formation
- Chemical Divergence and Water Depletion: Gas Properties of Evolved Upper Scorpius Disks Revealed by JWST/MIRI
- MINDS: Complementary inclinations in the binary system HK Tau reveal gas- and ice-phase chemistry
- MINDS: Intertwined evolution of dust and gas in large planet-forming disks. A diversity driven by halted pebble drift?
- From Young to Older Disks: JWST/MIRI Evidence for Fading Molecular Emission and Hints for Elevated C/O in Upper Scorpius
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