Hubble tension: a short review of theoretical explanations

arXiv:2607.21497 · astro-ph.CO, gr-qc · Submitted 2026-07-23 · Read on arXiv

Jia-Qi Wang, Zong-Kuan Guo

astro-ph.CO, gr-qc

Submitted: 2026-07-23

Comments: 49 pages, 13 figures, a short review prepared by invitation for RAA special topics

Journal ref: Res. Astron. Astrophys. 26 (2026) 084009

DOI: 10.1088/1674-4527/ae842d

License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/

Terminology

• Hubble Tension — 100× in this paper · explained in 9 episodes
• Calibration — 35× in this paper · explained in 7 episodes
• Consistency — 21× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Adam — 18× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Quintessence — 8× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Benchmark — 6× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Hubble Space Telescope — 6× in this paper
• Anisotropy — 5× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Clustering — 5× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Weak Lensing — 5× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Atacama Cosmology Telescope — 4× in this paper
• Dark Energy Survey — 4× in this paper
• Abundance — 3× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Chinese Academy of Sciences — 3× in this paper
• ACT Data — 2× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• James Webb Space Telescope — 2× in this paper
• Primordial Magnetic Fields — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe — 2× in this paper
• Accuracy — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey — 1× in this paper
• Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument — 1× in this paper
• Decoupling — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Degeneracy — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Diffusion Model — 1× in this paper · explained in 8 episodes
• Diffusion Models — 1× in this paper · explained in 6 episodes
• Gravitational Lensing — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Homogeneity — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Matter Power Spectrum — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Sloan Digital Sky Survey — 1× in this paper
• Status Report on the Chicago-Carnegie Hubble Program — 1× in this paper

Sources

• Final Results from the Hubble Space Telescope Key Project to Measure the Hubble Constant
• The Hubble Constant
• Observational Evidence from Supernovae for an Accelerating Universe and a Cosmological Constant
• Measurements of Omega and Lambda from 42 High-Redshift Supernovae
• The Cosmological Constant and Dark Energy
• Observational Probes of Cosmic Acceleration
• Cosmic Microwave Background Anisotropies
• Planck 2018 results. VI. Cosmological parameters
• Nine-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Cosmological Parameter Results
• A Measurement of the CMB Temperature Power Spectrum and Constraints on Cosmology from the SPT-3G 2018 TT/TE/EE Data Set
• The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: DR6 Power Spectra, Likelihoods and $\Lambda$CDM Parameters
• Tensions between the Early and the Late Universe
• In the Realm of the Hubble tension $-$ a Review of Solutions
• Cosmology Intertwined: A Review of the Particle Physics, Astrophysics, and Cosmology Associated with the Cosmological Tensions and Anomalies
• DESI DR2 Results II: Measurements of Baryon Acoustic Oscillations and Cosmological Constraints
• A Comprehensive Measurement of the Local Value of the Hubble Constant with 1 km/s/Mpc Uncertainty from the Hubble Space Telescope and the SH0ES Team
• Small Magellanic Cloud Cepheids Observed with the Hubble Space Telescope Provide a New Anchor for the SH0ES Distance Ladder
• Status Report on the Chicago-Carnegie Hubble Program (CCHP): Measurement of the Hubble Constant Using the Hubble and James Webb Space Telescopes
• The Hubble Constant from Infrared Surface Brightness Fluctuation Distances
• Absolute Calibration of Cluster Mira Variables to Provide a New Anchor for the Hubble Constant Determination

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