Contribution to the 2026 Cosmology session of the 60th Rencontres de Moriond: Galactic moments: Understanding polarized foregrounds complexity in the quest for CMB primordial B modes with LiteBIRD

Accurate modeling of polarized Galactic emission has become a major challenge for current and next-generation cosmic microwave background (CMB) B-mode experiments. Ignoring the spectral complexity of thermal dust and Galactic synchrotron emission when integrating along the line of sight and over large sky fractions inevitably leads to biases in CMB polarization analyses. In this work, we review how the future LiteBIRD satellite, which will benefit from an increased number of bands and sensitivity with respect to past CMB experiments such as Planck, will exploit its broader frequency coverage to characterize the spectral properties of interstellar medium emission across the three-dimensional structure of the Milky Way. We show that the canonical description of foreground spectral behavior will reach its limits for LiteBIRD, and that this challenge can be addressed using the moment expansion formalism.