A Four-Dimensional Gaussian Random Field Generator for Modeling Spatiotemporal Variability in Astrophysical Sources
Alejandro Cárdenas-Avendaño, Diego Rubiera-Garcia, Frederic H. Vincent
astro-ph.HE, astro-ph.IM, gr-qc
Submitted: 2026-07-18
Comments: 10 pages, 3 figures
Code: https://github.com/alejandroc137/inoisy4d
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
The gist: Semi-analytic models of black-hole movies require both an emitting flow prescription and a time-dependent source variability.
Terminology
Abstract
Semi-analytic models of black-hole movies require both an emitting flow prescription and a time-dependent source variability. Existing prescriptions are often limited to either equatorial emission or time-independent sources. In this work we present a unified model for these two ingredients. First, we prescribe an off-equatorial, nongeodesic Kerr fluid rotation law by lifting an equatorial specific-angular-momentum profile to cylindrical surfaces, setting the polar component of the four-velocity to zero, normalizing the flow with the full Kerr metric at the spacetime point, and retaining the option to recover a geodesic-like plunging prescription when needed. Second, we use this velocity as the disk advection field in a four-dimensional inhomogeneous, anisotropic Mat'ern-like Gaussian random field. We provide a parametrized model for a torus-like disk and a central jet through a single composite correlation tensor. The resulting effective model is an implementation-ready prescription for time-dependent thick-disk and disk-jet emission for relativistic studies.
Sources
- Gaussian Process regression for astronomical time-series
- The Value of $H_0$ from Gaussian Processes
- State-space representation of Mat'ern and Damped Simple Harmonic Oscillator Gaussian processes
- Optimising Gaussian processes for reconstructing dark energy dynamics from supernovae
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