Dark matter environments and safeguards for spacetime inference from horizon scale interferometry
Mohsen Fathi
gr-qc, astro-ph.HE
Submitted: 2026-07-15
Comments: 19 pages, 8 figures, 6 tables
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
The gist: Horizon scale interferometry can test a black hole spacetime only when the data, source model, and numerical response are reliable.
Terminology
Abstract
Horizon scale interferometry can test a black hole spacetime only when the data, source model, and numerical response are reliable. We study this requirement with the public 2017 M87* closure data, a frozen semi analytic emission model, explicit dark matter controls, and a rotating tidal charge deformation. We normalize NFW and Einasto halos, an adiabatic spike, a capture suppressed spike, and a heated crest for M87*. Even the intentionally optimistic rendered case, M DM(<10M)/M BH=7.33 times10-5, changes the normalized image and visibility by only about 2.65 times10-6 and 4.9 times10-7. We then build an independent closure phase and log closure amplitude likelihood with covariance and three fixed high/low band correlation cases. Synthetic Kerr tests recover the expected statistic, coverage, and false positive rate. The real data give chi 2/N=1.7583, 1.7206, and 1.6873, above the global adequacy limit of 1.5; the worst band gives 2.0216. Removing the most influential scan still leaves chi 2/N=1.6472. If tidal charge is allowed anyway, the residual projects strongly onto it, but the preferred direction changes sign between image resolutions. Direct libraries at N=192, 224, and 256 also fail the differential response convergence tests. At a smoothing width of 0.5M, the Kerr image changes by about 0.45% between N=192 and 224, while the tidal charge response changes by about 49%. We therefore report no posterior or bound. Spacetime inference should remain closed until the adopted data and covariance are validated, the undeformed source passes an absolute adequacy test, and the differential metric response converges independently of the image.
Sources
- 1.3 mm Wavelength VLBI of Sagittarius A*: Detection of Time-Variable Emission on Event Horizon Scales
- Jet Launching Structure Resolved Near the Supermassive Black Hole in M87
- 230 GHz VLBI observations of M87: event-horizon-scale structure at the enhanced very-high-energy $\rm \gamma$-ray state in 2012
- First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. I. The Shadow of the Supermassive Black Hole
- First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. II. Array and Instrumentation
- First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. III. Data Processing and Calibration
- First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. IV. Imaging the Central Supermassive Black Hole
- First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. V. Physical Origin of the Asymmetric Ring
- First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. VI. The Shadow and Mass of the Central Black Hole
- First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. VII. Polarization of the Ring
- First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. VIII. Magnetic Field Structure near The Event Horizon
- First Sagittarius A* Event Horizon Telescope Results. I. The Shadow of the Supermassive Black Hole in the Center of the Milky Way
- First Sagittarius A* Event Horizon Telescope Results. II. EHT and Multi-wavelength Observations, Data Processing, and Calibration
- First Sagittarius A* Event Horizon Telescope Results. III: Imaging of the Galactic Center Supermassive Black Hole
- First Sagittarius A* Event Horizon Telescope Results. IV. Variability, Morphology, and Black Hole Mass
- First Sagittarius A* Event Horizon Telescope Results. V. Testing Astrophysical Models of the Galactic Center Black Hole
- First Sagittarius A* Event Horizon Telescope Results. VI: Testing the Black Hole Metric
- Studying Black Holes on Horizon Scales with VLBI Ground Arrays
- Studying black holes on horizon scales with space-VLBI
- Reference Array and Design Consideration for the next-generation Event Horizon Telescope
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