Do Primordial Black Hole Clusters Survive the Galaxy? Collisional Disruption and Microlensing Implications
M. V. Tkachev, S. V. Pilipenko
astro-ph.CO, astro-ph.GA
Submitted: 2026-07-10
Comments: 15 pages, 7 figures
Code: https://github.com/GalacticDynamics-Oxford/AGAMA
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
The gist: We study the collisional disruption of primordial black hole (PBH) clusters in the Milky Way halo.
Terminology
Abstract
We study the collisional disruption of primordial black hole (PBH) clusters in the Milky Way halo. Encounters between clusters strip PBHs into a diffuse component, and the fraction of PBH mass in this smooth component along a sightline determines how microlensing constraints divide between isolated compact objects and extended cluster lenses. We combine an analytic NFW-based collision-rate model, 72 direct N-body binary collision simulations that calibrate the escaped-mass fraction as a universal function f(v, b) of the relative velocity and impact parameter in units of the cluster velocity scale and half-mass radius, and cosmological N-body simulations of a Milky Way-like halo (M 200 8 times10 11,M, c 200 11) that record the encounter history of every cluster from z=9 to z=0. For 10 6 and 10 7,M clusters -- bracketing the maximum mass in the Carr et al. formation scenario -- the local encounter rate at the Solar circle is 2.9 times10-3 and 1.2 times10-2, Myr-1, consistent with the simulations to within about 40%. Because the peak-disruption velocity of Carr-radius clusters (12 -- 20, km,s-1) lies far below typical halo encounter velocities, disruption accumulates through many weak encounters, most effectively during the early, cold phases of halo assembly: half of the total mass loss is inflicted before z about2, a channel that z=0 analytic estimates miss entirely. The surviving mass fraction at the Solar circle is S 0.50 (10 6,M) and 0.04 (10 7,M), and the DM-mass-weighted smooth fraction toward the LMC and SMC is 0.49 and 0.92, respectively. Cluster-cluster disruption is thus substantial over the Galaxy's lifetime, and reanalyses of microlensing surveys must account for the radially varying smooth fraction f sm(r) derived here.
Sources
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- A critical analysis of the recent OGLE limits on stellar mass primordial black holes in the halo of the Milky Way
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- Primordial black hole mergers from three-body interactions
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