Federated Learning Architecture: Data Privacy and System Security Approaches
Cagdas Karatas, Hibanur Karadogan, Ahmet Yasin Ertug, Busra Buyuktanir, Kazim Yildiz, Gozde Karatas Baydogmus
cs.CR
Submitted: 2026-07-10
Code: https://github.com/apple/swift-homomorphic-encryption
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
The gist: This study explores the integration of homomorphic encryption and differential privacy techniques to enhance data privacy and security in Federated Learning (FL) systems.
Terminology
Abstract
This study explores the integration of homomorphic encryption and differential privacy techniques to enhance data privacy and security in Federated Learning (FL) systems. FL allows data to remain on local devices, eliminating the need for centralized data collection; however, sensitive information may still be leaked during model updates. To address this issue, homomorphic encryption enables computations on encrypted data, while differential privacy prevents the extraction of individual information through statistical techniques applied to model outputs. The proposed architecture was tested on the Framingham, Pima Indians Diabetes, and Bank Marketing datasets, revealing that enhanced privacy can be achieved without significantly compromising model accuracy. Furthermore, the impact of data heterogeneity among clients on model performance was analyzed, and it was concluded that strategies such as the careful selection of differential privacy parameters and training settings, along with the use of larger datasets, can improve the efficiency of FL. The findings demonstrate that privacy-preserving and high-performance artificial intelligence systems can be securely applied in sensitive domains such as healthcare and finance.
Sources
- Federated Optimization: Distributed Machine Learning for On-Device Intelligence
- Differential Privacy in Federated Learning: Mitigating Inference Attacks with Randomized Response
- Privacy in Federated Learning
- Federated Learning for Mobile Keyboard Prediction
- FheFL: Fully Homomorphic Encryption Friendly Privacy-Preserving Federated Learning with Byzantine Users
- Training of Deep Learning Neuro-Skin Neural Network
- Certifying Safety when Implementing Consensus
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