Large Language Models (LLMs) and Generative AI in Cybersecurity and Privacy: A Survey of Dual-Use Risks, AI-Generated Malware, Explainability, and Defensive Strategies

arXiv:2607.06963 · cs.CR, cs.AI, cs.CL · Submitted 2026-07-08 · Read on arXiv

Kiarash Ahi, Saeed Valizadeh

cs.CR, cs.AI, cs.CL

Submitted: 2026-07-08

Comments: Invited survey paper. 10 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables

Journal ref: IEEE 6th Silicon Valley Cybersecurity Conference (SVCC), San Francisco, CA, USA, 2025, pp. 1-10

DOI: 10.1109/SVCC65277.2025.11133642

License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/

Terminology

Explainability — 17× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
Federated Learning — 15× in this paper · explained in 14 episodes
Large Language Model — 15× in this paper
Large Language Models (LLMs) — 11× in this paper · explained in 6 episodes
Benchmark — 8× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
Generative AI — 8× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
Accountability — 7× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
Accuracy — 6× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
Robustness — 5× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
Actor — 4× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
Amazon Web Services — 4× in this paper
Analyzer — 4× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
Adversarial Attacks — 3× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
Benchmarking — 3× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
Core — 3× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
Explainable AI (XAI) — 3× in this paper · explained in 7 episodes
Generative Model — 3× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
Generative Models — 3× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
Provenance — 3× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
Adversarial Defense — 2× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
Clustering — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
Differential Privacy — 2× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
Failure Modes — 2× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
Feature Extraction — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
Fine-Tuning — 2× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
Human-in-the-Loop — 2× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
Transformer — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
Agentic Workflows — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
Aggregation — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
Alignment — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
California Consumer Privacy Act — 1× in this paper
Data Provenance — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
Digital Twin — 1× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
Embeddings — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
Federated Learning (FL) — 1× in this paper · explained in 7 episodes
Formal Verification — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
Foundation Model — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
Foundation Models — 1× in this paper · explained in 7 episodes
General Data Protection Regulation — 1× in this paper
Hybrid Models — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
Interpretability — 1× in this paper · explained in 15 episodes
Large Language Model (LLM) — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
Predictive Modeling — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
RAG — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
Reinforcement Learning — 1× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) — 1× in this paper · explained in 16 episodes
Transformer Models — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
Verification — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes

Large Language Models (LLMs) and Generative AI in Cybersecurity and Privacy: A Survey of Dual-Use Risks, AI-Generated Malware, Explainability, and Defensive Strategies

Terminology

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