Transition from Diffusion to Drift-Dominated Cosmic Ray Transport and the Origin of the Knee

arXiv:2606.28141 · astro-ph.HE · Submitted 2026-06-26 · Read on arXiv

Luis Enrique Espinosa Castro, Carmelo Evoli, Pasquale Blasi

astro-ph.HE

Submitted: 2026-06-26

Comments: Comments are welcome, 15 pages, 8 figures

License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/

Terminology

• Coherence Length — 4× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Anisotropy — 3× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Abundance — 2× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Adam — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Gran Sasso Science Institute — 1× in this paper
• Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory — 1× in this paper

Sources

• PAMELA Measurements of Cosmic-ray Proton and Helium Spectra
• Cosmic-Ray Proton and Helium Spectra from the First CREAM Flight
• Proton and Helium Spectra from the CREAM-III Flight
• Measurement of the cosmic-ray proton spectrum from 40 GeV to 100 TeV with the DAMPE satellite
• Measurement of the cosmic ray helium energy spectrum from 70 GeV to 80 TeV with the DAMPE space mission
• Observation of Spectral Structures in the Flux of Cosmic-Ray Protons from 50 GeV to 60 TeV with the Calorimetric Electron Telescope on the International Space Station
• Direct Measurement of the Cosmic-Ray Helium Spectrum from 40 GeV to 250 TeV with the Calorimetric Electron Telescope on the International Space Station
• KASCADE measurements of energy spectra for elemental groups of cosmic rays: Results and open problems
• Kneelike structure in the spectrum of the heavy component of cosmic rays observed with KASCADE-Grande
• KASCADE-Grande measurements of energy spectra for elemental groups of cosmic rays
• The all-particle spectrum of primary cosmic rays in the wide energy range from 10^14 eV to 10^17 eV observed with the Tibet-III air-shower array
• Cosmic Ray Spectrum and Composition from PeV to EeV Using 3 Years of Data From IceTop and IceCube
• The primary cosmic-ray energy spectrum measured with the Tunka-133 array
• The Cosmic-Ray Energy Spectrum between 2 PeV and 2 EeV Observed with the TALE detector in monocular mode
• Measurements of All-Particle Energy Spectrum and Mean Logarithmic Mass of Cosmic Rays from 0.3 to 30 PeV with LHAASO-KM2A
• Precise measurements of the cosmic ray proton energy spectrum in the "knee'' region
• Precise Measurement of the Cosmic Ray Helium Spectrum above 0.1 PeV
• Models of the Knee in the Energy Spectrum of Cosmic Rays
• The low rate of Galactic pevatrons
• Massive Stars as Major Factories of Galactic Cosmic Rays

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