Delayed Verification Destabilizes Multi-Agent LLM Belief: Instability Thresholds and Optimal Corrector Placement
cs.MA, cs.CL, cs.LG, cs.SY, eess.SY
Submitted: 2026-06-25
Updated: 2026-09-16
Comments: 29 pages, 5 figures, 3 numbered tables. Revised stability and placement claims; corrected delay indexing and empirical interpretation. Added a 400-question factual study with versioned scoring and uncertainty analysis. Clarified proofs and limitations. Code and data: https://github.com/YehudaItkin/delayed-verification-llm
Code: https://github.com/YehudaItkin/delayed-verification-llm
License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
Terminology
Sources
- Convergence of time-delayed opinion dynamics with complex interaction types
- Hallucination Cascade: Analyzing Error Propagation in Multi-Agent LLM Systems
- Collective Hallucination in Multi-Agent LLMs:Modeling and Defense
- From Spark to Fire: Modeling and Mitigating Error Cascades in LLM-Based Multi-Agent Collaboration
- Contagion Networks: Evaluator Preference Propagation in Multi-Agent LLM Systems
- PropGuard: Safeguarding LLM-MAS via Propagation-Aware Exploration and Remediation
- How Language Model Hallucinations Can Snowball
- Self-Refine: Iterative Refinement with Self-Feedback
- MARCH: Multi-Agent Reinforced Self-Check for LLM Hallucination
- Improving Factuality and Reasoning in Language Models through Multiagent Debate
- ReConcile: Round-Table Conference Improves Reasoning via Consensus among Diverse LLMs
- Encouraging Divergent Thinking in Large Language Models through Multi-Agent Debate
- Debate or Vote: Which Yields Better Decisions in Multi-Agent Large Language Models?
- Talk Isn't Always Cheap: Understanding Failure Modes in Multi-Agent Debate
- Improving Multi-Agent Debate with Sparse Communication Topology
- AgentHallu: Benchmarking Automated Hallucination Attribution of LLM-based Agents
- Which Agent Causes Task Failures and When? On Automated Failure Attribution of LLM Multi-Agent Systems
- TRAIL: Trace Reasoning and Agentic Issue Localization
- AgentForesight: Online Auditing for Early Failure Prediction in Multi-Agent Systems
- CASPIAN: Online Detection and Attribution of Cascade Attacks in LLM Multi-Agent Systems via Cross-Channel Causal Monitoring
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