The Hubble tension: A decade review

arXiv:2606.20434 · astro-ph.CO · Submitted 2026-06-18 · Read on arXiv

Rong-Gen Cai, Shao-Jiang Wang

astro-ph.CO

Submitted: 2026-06-18

Comments: v1, 76 pages, 5 figures, 1 table, Invited review for RAA (Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics), prepared for invited talk at Special Forum: "Dark Energy and the Hubble Constant Crisis" of 28th Annual Conference of the China Association for Science and Technology; v2, 86 pages, largely extended references (including ones added after acceptance for publication)

Journal ref: Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 26 (2026) 084011

DOI: 10.1088/1674-4527/ae842f

License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/

Terminology

• Hubble Tension — 184× in this paper · explained in 9 episodes
• Calibration — 65× in this paper · explained in 7 episodes
• Quintessence — 27× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Consistency — 17× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Abundance — 14× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Homogeneity — 12× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• No-Go Theorem — 12× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Degeneracy — 10× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Primordial Magnetic Fields — 10× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Clustering — 9× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Hubble Space Telescope — 6× in this paper
• Weak Lensing — 6× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Fine-Tuning — 4× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• ACT Data — 3× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• AGN — 3× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Alignment — 3× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Anisotropy — 3× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Decoupling — 3× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Gravitational Lensing — 3× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Trace — 3× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Unified Framework — 3× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Chicago-Carnegie Hubble Program — 2× in this paper
• Hyper Suprime-Cam — 2× in this paper
• James Webb Space Telescope — 2× in this paper
• Megamaser Cosmology Project — 2× in this paper
• Momentum transfer — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Robustness — 2× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• South Pole Telescope — 2× in this paper
• Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe — 2× in this paper
• alpha — 2× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Accuracy — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Adam — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Aperture — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Baryonic Feedback — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Bayesian Inference — 1× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Bispectrum — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Carnegie Supernova Project — 1× in this paper
• Copula — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Core — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument — 1× in this paper
• Entanglement — 1× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Equation of State (EoS) — 1× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Forward modeling — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Matter Power Spectrum — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Metallicity — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Model-Agnostic — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Sloan Lens Advanced Camera for Surveys — 1× in this paper
• Velocity Dispersion — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes

Sources

• The Local Distance Network: a community consensus report on the measurement of the Hubble constant at 1% precision
• SPT-3G D1: CMB temperature and polarization power spectra and cosmology from 2019 and 2020 observations of the SPT-3G Main field
• Planck 2018 results. VI. Cosmological parameters
• Nine-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Cosmological Parameter Results
• Measurements of the E-Mode Polarization and Temperature-E-Mode Correlation of the CMB from SPT-3G 2018 Data
• The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: DR4 Maps and Cosmological Parameters
• Cosmology From CMB Lensing and Delensed EE Power Spectra Using 2019-2020 SPT-3G Polarization Data
• The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: DR6 Gravitational Lensing Map and Cosmological Parameters
• The Hubble Hunter's Guide
• Baryon Acoustic Oscillations and the Hubble Constant: Past, Present and Future
• Cosmological Parameters from the BOSS Galaxy Power Spectrum
• Combining Full-Shape and BAO Analyses of Galaxy Power Spectra: A 1.6% CMB-independent constraint on H0
• The Completed SDSS-IV extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: Cosmological Implications from two Decades of Spectroscopic Surveys at the Apache Point observatory
• BOSS Correlation Function Analysis from the Effective Field Theory of Large-Scale Structure
• The completed SDSS-IV extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: Cosmological implications from multi-tracer BAO analysis with galaxies and voids
• BAO+BBN revisited -- Growing the Hubble tension with a 0.7km/s/Mpc constraint
• A tale of two (or more) $h$'s
• DESI DR2 Results II: Measurements of Baryon Acoustic Oscillations and Cosmological Constraints
• A Comprehensive Measurement of the Local Value of the Hubble Constant with 1 km/s/Mpc Uncertainty from the Hubble Space Telescope and the SH0ES Team
• Measurements of the Hubble Constant: Tensions in Perspective

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