SHIFT: Semantic Harmonization via Index-side Feature Transformation for Multilingual Information Retrieval

arXiv:2606.18801 · cs.IR, cs.AI · Submitted 2026-06-17 · Read on arXiv

cs.IR, cs.AI

Submitted: 2026-06-17

Updated: 2026-08-27

Code: https://github.com/huggingface/sentence-transformers

Terminology

• Information Retrieval — 32× in this paper
• Benchmark — 30× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Embeddings — 26× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Alignment — 10× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• alpha — 8× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Robustness — 6× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Accuracy — 5× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing — 4× in this paper
• Cosine Similarity — 3× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Distillation — 3× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• RAG — 3× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Representation Learning — 3× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Cross-Language Evaluation Forum — 2× in this paper
• Language Information Removal — 2× in this paper
• Question Answering — 2× in this paper
• Retrieval-Augmented Generation — 2× in this paper
• Semantic Similarity — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Transformer — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Ablation — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Adaptation — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Contrastive Learning — 1× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Core — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Foundation Model — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Foundation Models — 1× in this paper · explained in 7 episodes
• Generalizability — 1× in this paper · explained in 6 episodes
• Generalization — 1× in this paper · explained in 13 episodes
• Knowledge Distillation — 1× in this paper · explained in 11 episodes
• Semantic Alignment — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Singular Value Decomposition — 1× in this paper
• Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Transferability — 1× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Unlike Cross-Lingual Information Retrieval — 1× in this paper

Sources

• Llama-Embed-Nemotron-8B: A Universal Text Embedding Model for Multilingual and Cross-Lingual Tasks
• mMARCO: A Multilingual Version of the MS MARCO Passage Ranking Dataset
• M3-Embedding: Multi-Linguality, Multi-Functionality, Multi-Granularity Text Embeddings Through Self-Knowledge Distillation
• MMTEB: Massive Multilingual Text Embedding Benchmark
• NeuCLIRBench: A Modern Evaluation Collection for Monolingual, Cross-Language, and Multilingual Information Retrieval
• Gemini Embedding: Generalizable Embeddings from Gemini
• MLQA: Evaluating Cross-lingual Extractive Question Answering
• Towards General Text Embeddings with Multi-stage Contrastive Learning
• Overview of the TREC 2024 NeuCLIR Track
• Investigating Language Preference of Multilingual RAG Systems
• EmbeddingGemma: Powerful and Lightweight Text Representations
• Multilingual E5 Text Embeddings: A Technical Report
• HLTCOE at TREC 2024 NeuCLIR Track
• Arctic-Embed 2.0: Multilingual Retrieval Without Compromise
• No Language Left Behind: Scaling Human-Centered Machine Translation
• Qwen3 Embedding: Advancing Text Embedding and Reranking Through Foundation Models

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