Impact of inhomogeneous curvature on growth rate measurements from magnitude fluctuations

Our interpretation of current cosmological observations rests on the assumptions of homogeneity and isotropy, leading to uniform background curvature and expansion characterised by the Friedmann-Lema itre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) spacetime metric. However, the large-scale structure of the Universe is non-uniform in detail, inducing inhomogeneous curvature and scale factor variations. In this paper, we use numerical cosmological simulations generated in full General Relativity to study the impact of inhomogeneous spacetime on the magnitude fluctuations of distant objects, focusing on their use as a probe of the growth rate of cosmic structure. We quantify the distortions in the magnitude correlation spectrum as a function of angular scale and redshift, and use these distortions to infer the systematic offset in the growth rate measurement. We find that at z 0.2, the systematic offset in growth rate measurements between the full numerical relativity and FLRW treatments is sub-dominant to the statistical error of current datasets, confirming that FLRW modelling is adequate for current low-redshift peculiar velocity experiments. Future datasets extending to higher redshift may require theoretical models that additionally incorporate the contributions of gravitational lensing and inhomogeneous curvature.