The cosmic tetrarchy: four estimators breaking the assumption degeneracy in cosmological distance tensions

arXiv:2606.16844 · astro-ph.CO · Submitted 2026-06-15 · Read on arXiv

Matteo Martinelli, Domenico Sapone

astro-ph.CO

Submitted: 2026-06-15

Comments: 12 pages, 5 figures. Accepted for publication in Physics of the Dark Universe

Code: https://github.com/matmartinelli/CoRe

License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/

Terminology

• Calibration — 19× in this paper · explained in 7 episodes
• Consistency — 14× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Gaussian Process — 11× in this paper
• Baryon Acoustic Oscillation — 5× in this paper
• Core — 3× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Covariance Propagation — 3× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Hubble Tension — 3× in this paper · explained in 9 episodes
• Bayesian Inference — 2× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Clustering — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Degeneracy — 2× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Robustness — 2× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Adam — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Generalised Least Squares — 1× in this paper
• Homogeneity — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Maximum A Posteriori — 1× in this paper
• Pairwise Comparisons — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Radial Basis Function — 1× in this paper

Sources

• Planck 2018 results. VI. Cosmological parameters
• DESI DR2 Results II: Measurements of Baryon Acoustic Oscillations and Cosmological Constraints
• The Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey of SDSS-III
• Constraining Cosmological Parameters Based on Relative Galaxy Ages
• In the Realm of the Hubble tension $-$ a Review of Solutions
• The CosmoVerse White Paper: Addressing observational tensions in cosmology with systematics and fundamental physics
• A Comprehensive Measurement of the Local Value of the Hubble Constant with 1 km/s/Mpc Uncertainty from the Hubble Space Telescope and the SH0ES Team
• A model-independent test of the cosmic distance-duality relation using galaxy clusters and Type Ia supernovae matched pairs
• Cosmology-Independent Constraints on the Etherington Relation and SNeIa Absolute Magnitude Evolution from DESI-DR2
• Testing the Cosmic Distance Duality Relation with Neural Kernel Gaussian Process Regression
• The impact of 2D and 3D BAO measurements on the Cosmic Distance Duality Relation with HII galaxies
• Revisiting Cosmic Distance Duality with Megamasers and DESI DR2 Observations: Model Independent Constraints on Early-Late Calibration
• Testing Cosmic Distance Duality Relation and Transparency with DESI DR2
• Implications of distance duality violation for the $H_0$ tension and evolving dark energy
• Cosmic distance duality after DESI 2024 data release and dark energy evolution
• Model-independent test for the cosmic distance duality relation with Pantheon and eBOSS DR16 quasar sample
• The resilience of the Etherington-Hubble relation
• Euclid: Forecast constraints on the cosmic distance duality relation with complementary external probes
• Constraints on the distance duality relation with standard sirens
• Crosschecking Cosmic Distances from DESI BAO and DES SNe

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