Language Models Compare Quantities Using Number-specific and Unit-specific Heuristics

arXiv:2606.03982 · cs.CL · Submitted 2026-08-16 · Read on arXiv

Mutsumi Sasaki, Go kamoda, Ryosuke Takahashi, Kosuke Sato, Kentaro Inui, Keisuke Sakaguchi, Benjamin Heinzerling

cs.CL

Submitted: 2026-08-16

Updated: 2026-08-18

License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/

Terminology

• Accuracy — 42× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Language Model — 25× in this paper
• Alignment — 8× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Robustness — 5× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Distributed Alignment Search — 4× in this paper
• Core — 3× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Interpretability — 3× in this paper · explained in 15 episodes
• Aggregation — 2× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Generalization — 2× in this paper · explained in 13 episodes
• Transformer — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Reasoning Traces — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Regularization — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Trace — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes

Sources

• Qwen3 Technical Report
• Olmo 3
• Understanding Addition and Subtraction in Transformers

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