Who Annotates in NLP? A Large-scale Assessment of Human Annotation Reporting between 2018 and 2025

arXiv:2606.02255 · cs.CL, cs.AI · Submitted 2026-06-01 · Read on arXiv

cs.CL, cs.AI

Submitted: 2026-06-01

Updated: 2026-09-02

Terminology

• Core — 16× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Benchmark — 10× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Annotator Agreement — 5× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Benchmarking — 5× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Adam — 4× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Aggregation — 2× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Alignment — 2× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Calibration — 2× in this paper · explained in 7 episodes
• Consistency — 2× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Human-in-the-Loop — 2× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Interpretability — 2× in this paper · explained in 15 episodes
• Pragmatics — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Temporal Reasoning — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Verification — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• alpha — 2× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Cross-lingual Transfer — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Graph Construction — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Instruction Tuning — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Knowledge Graph — 1× in this paper · explained in 7 episodes
• Large Language Models (LLMs) — 1× in this paper · explained in 6 episodes
• Provenance — 1× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Reinforcement Learning — 1× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Transformer — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Unified Framework — 1× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes

Sources

• Argument Summarization and its Evaluation in the Era of Large Language Models
• Language Models are Few-Shot Learners
• TikZero: Zero-Shot Text-Guided Graphics Program Synthesis
• AI4Research: A Survey of Artificial Intelligence for Scientific Research
• DeTikZify: Synthesizing Graphics Programs for Scientific Figures and Sketches with TikZ
• Transforming Science with Large Language Models: A Survey on AI-assisted Scientific Discovery, Experimentation, Content Generation, and Evaluation
• HESEIA: A community-based dataset for evaluating social biases in large language models, co-designed in real school settings in Latin America
• The Llama 3 Herd of Models
• TikZilla: Scaling Text-to-TikZ with High-Quality Data and Reinforcement Learning
• Human-in-the-Loop Synthetic Text Data Inspection with Provenance Tracking
• gpt-oss-120b & gpt-oss-20b Model Card
• ContraDoc: Understanding Self-Contradictions in Documents with Large Language Models
• Bridging AI and Science: Implications from a Large-Scale Literature Analysis of AI4Science
• OpenAI GPT-5 System Card
• VisBias: Measuring Explicit and Implicit Social Biases in Vision Language Models
• AI-Driven Review Systems: Evaluating LLMs in Scalable and Bias-Aware Academic Reviews
• Sonnet or Not, Bot? Poetry Evaluation for Large Models and Datasets

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