Beyond a Single Direction: Chain-of-Thought Disrupts Simple Steering of Refusal

arXiv:2605.26772 · cs.AI, cs.LG · Submitted 2026-05-26 · Read on arXiv

cs.AI, cs.LG

Submitted: 2026-05-26

Updated: 2026-05-26

Terminology

• Steering — 4× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Activation Steering — 2× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Chain-of-Thought (CoT) — 1× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Trace — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes

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