JWST-DECO: The Impact of Accretion on Mid-Infrared Observable Water in Planet-forming Disks
Jenny K. Calahan, Tarisai Dziire, Karin Öberg, Andrea Banzatti, L. Ilsedore Cleeves, Felipe Alarcón, Geoffrey A. Blake, María José Colmenares, Camilo González-Ruilova, Aashish Gupta, Claudio Hernández-Vera, Till Kaeufer, Sebastiaan Krijt, Charles J. Law, Tamara Molyarova, Joe Williams
astro-ph.EP, astro-ph.SR
Submitted: 2026-05-21
Comments: 12 pages, 11 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
The gist: The inner few au of a protoplanetary disk hosts the majority of observed exoplanets and is the primary planet-forming zone of the disk.
Terminology
Abstract
The inner few au of a protoplanetary disk hosts the majority of observed exoplanets and is the primary planet-forming zone of the disk. The mid-IR spectra of disks, with its rich forest of water lines, provides key insights into the composition of forming planets. One of the strongest trends seen with data from Spitzer and now JWST is a correlation between the increase in water line flux and accretion luminosity of a system. We set out to reproduce and understand this trend by adding an accretion module to the thermo-chemical code DALI, and explore how viscous accretion heating and the addition of accretion luminosity impacts the 2D temperature structure and the observable water reservoir. We reproduce the trend that the observed water mass increases with accretion rate, with hot, warm, and cool water being more to less strongly correlated, respectively. Our model suggests that these trends are due to an increased emitting area with accretion rate, with some of the cool and warm population becoming hidden underneath an optically thick dust surface and being constrained to a smaller disk volume. This trend is driven by the accretion-related increase in central luminosity, while viscous heating centralized to the midplane has no impact on observed water mass.
Sources
- The JDISC Survey: Linking the Physics and Chemistry of Inner and Outer Protoplanetary Disk Zones
- Demographics of young stars and their protoplanetary disks: lessons learned on disk evolution and its connection to planet formation
- MINDS. Water reservoirs of compact planet-forming dust disk: A diversity of H$_2$O distributions
Related papers
- PDS 70 c and SR 12 c: Observational Constraints on Giant-Planet and Satellite Formation
- Two-stage disruption of resonant chains
- Detectability of resolved hydrogen lines from the accretion shock at gas giants and their CPDs
- Binary-lens Microlensing Degeneracy: Impact on Planetary Sensitivity and Mass-ratio Function
- Atmospheric escape fractionates secondary but not primary atmospheres
- The Occurrence Rate of Nearby Planetary Companions to Hot Jupiters