Who Owns This Agent? Tracing AI Agents Back to Their Owners

arXiv:2605.16035 · cs.CR, cs.AI, cs.MA · Submitted 2026-05-15 · Read on arXiv

cs.CR, cs.AI, cs.MA

Submitted: 2026-05-15

Updated: 2026-09-27

Code: https://github.com/unclecode/crawl4ai

Terminology

• AUC — 44× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• AI Agents — 25× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Trace — 12× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Accountability — 10× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Fingerprinting — 9× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Robustness — 7× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Ablation — 6× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Benchmark — 5× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Core — 4× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Actor — 3× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Commentary — 3× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Failure Modes — 3× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Foundation Model — 3× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Provenance — 3× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Verification — 3× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Agent Harness — 2× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Alignment — 2× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Cooperation — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Grounding — 2× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Interpretability — 2× in this paper · explained in 15 episodes
• Tokenization — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Adam — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Adversarial Attacks — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Adversarial Robustness — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Agentic Loop — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Archetype — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Benchmarking — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Calibration — 1× in this paper · explained in 7 episodes
• Clustering — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Consistency — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Digital Object Identifier — 1× in this paper
• Foundation Models — 1× in this paper · explained in 7 episodes
• Generalization — 1× in this paper · explained in 13 episodes
• Generative AI — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Generative Model — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Generative Models — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• International Standard Book Number — 1× in this paper
• Large Language Models (LLMs) — 1× in this paper · explained in 6 episodes
• Product Stock Keeping Unit — 1× in this paper
• Symposium on Security and Privacy — 1× in this paper
• Synthetic Data Generation — 1× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes

Sources

• Generative Language Models and Automated Influence Operations: Emerging Threats and Potential Mitigations
• An Overview of Catastrophic AI Risks
• Risks from Learned Optimization in Advanced Machine Learning Systems
• Llama Guard: LLM-based Input-Output Safeguard for Human-AI Conversations
• Building Production-Ready Probes For Gemini
• The Alignment Problem from a Deep Learning Perspective
• The Effects of Reward Misspecification: Mapping and Mitigating Misaligned Models
• Can AI-Generated Text be Reliably Detected?
• Smarter, Better, Faster, Longer: A Modern Bidirectional Encoder for Fast, Memory Efficient, and Long Context Finetuning and Inference
• Anatomy of an AI-powered malicious social botnet
• ReAct: Synergizing Reasoning and Acting in Language Models
• Watermarks in the Sand: Impossibility of Strong Watermarking for Generative Models
• Provable Robust Watermarking for AI-Generated Text
• Universal and Transferable Adversarial Attacks on Aligned Language Models

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