Searching for GEMS: Three warm Saturns and a super-Jupiter orbiting four early M-dwarfs

arXiv:2604.27064 · astro-ph.EP · Submitted 2026-04-29 · Read on arXiv

Pranav H. Premnath, Paul Robertson, Shubham Kanodia, Caleb I. Cañas, Arvind F. Gupta, Michael Rodruck, Te Han, Henry A. Kobulnicky, Andrea S. J. Lin, Andrew Monson, Libby Allely, Cooper Bailey, Alexina Birkholz, Zack Beagle, Philip Choi, Nez Evans, Mark E. Everett, Anna Fong, S. Nick Justice, Ian Karfs, Sage Santomenna, Elsa Van Dyke, Arissa Williams, Chad F. Bender, William D. Cochran, Scott A. Diddams, Rachel B. Fernandes, Mark R. Giovinazzi, Samuel Halverson, Daniel M. Krolikowski, Suvrath Mahadevan, Michael W. McElwain, Joe P. Ninan, Arpita Roy, Gudmundur Stefansson, Jason T. Wright

astro-ph.EP

Submitted: 2026-04-29

Comments: Published in AJ. 29 pages, 12 figures, 5 tables

Journal ref: Pranav H. Premnath et al 2026 AJ 172 92

DOI: 10.3847/1538-3881/ae82d3

Code: https://github.com/gummiks/hpfspecmatch

License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

The gist: We report the confirmation and characterization of four transiting giant planets orbiting early-M dwarfs discovered by the Searching for Giant Exoplanets around M-dwarf Stars (GEMS) survey: TOI-7189

Terminology

Abstract

We report the confirmation and characterization of four transiting giant planets orbiting early-M dwarfs discovered by the Searching for Giant Exoplanets around M-dwarf Stars (GEMS) survey: TOI-7189 b, TOI-7265B b, TOI-7393 b, and TOI-7394B b. Joint modeling of TESS and ground-based photometry with precision radial velocities from the Habitable-zone Planet Finder and NEID spectrographs yields self-consistent orbital and physical parameters for all systems. The planets have short orbital periods (P = 1.25-4.17 days), masses spanning from 0.5,M J to 2.1,M J, and radii comparable to Jupiter (0.95,R J < R p < 1.02,R J). TOI-7189 b (0.50,M J), TOI-7265B b (0.71,M J), and TOI-7393 b (0.61,M J) are Saturn-like in mass and density, whereas TOI-7394B b is a dense super-Jupiter (2.10,M J, rho p about 2.4 g cm-3) on a 1.25-day orbit. All hosts are early-M dwarfs with a narrow range of stellar properties, enabling a controlled comparison of giant-planet outcomes around low-mass stars. Three systems orbit super-solar metallicity stars, while TOI-7393 ([Fe/H] = -0.35 plus or minus 0.16) is the most metal-poor GEMS host identified to date, and exhibits kinematics approaching the thin/thick-disk transition, suggestive of an older stellar population. Together, these systems reveal substantial diversity in the masses and bulk properties of short-period giant planets orbiting early-M dwarfs, demonstrating that markedly different planetary outcomes can arise around stars with otherwise similar fundamental properties.

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