Human-1 by Josh Talks: A Full-Duplex Conversational Modeling Framework in Hindi using Real-World Conversations

arXiv:2604.23295 · cs.CL, cs.AI · Submitted 2026-04-25 · Read on arXiv

cs.CL, cs.AI

Submitted: 2026-04-25

Updated: 2026-09-24

Terminology

• Fine-Tuning — 12× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Transformer — 10× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Adaptation — 5× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Perplexity — 3× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Two-stage training — 3× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Accuracy — 2× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Fidelity — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Decode — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Foundation Model — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Inter-Pausal Units — 1× in this paper
• Pairwise Comparisons — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Pragmatics — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Regularization — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Representation Learning — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes

Sources

• Language Model Can Listen While Speaking
• WhisperX: Time-Accurate Speech Transcription of Long-Form Audio
• Moshi: a speech-text foundation model for real-time dialogue
• Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Models
• OmniFlatten: An End-to-end GPT Model for Seamless Voice Conversation
• SALMONN-omni: A Codec-free LLM for Full-duplex Speech Understanding and Generation
• AudioPaLM: A Large Language Model That Can Speak and Listen
• Speak Foreign Languages with Your Own Voice: Cross-Lingual Neural Codec Language Modeling

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