Agentic Large Language Models for Training-Free Neuro-Radiological Image Analysis

arXiv:2604.16729 · cs.CV, cs.AI · Submitted 2026-04-17 · Read on arXiv

cs.CV, cs.AI

Submitted: 2026-04-17

Updated: 2026-09-01

Terminology

• Benchmark — 11× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Agentic AI — 8× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Accuracy — 5× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Agent Architectures — 5× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Agentic System — 4× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Fidelity — 4× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Agentic Framework — 3× in this paper · explained in 6 episodes
• Fine-Tuning — 3× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Large Language Models (LLMs) — 3× in this paper · explained in 6 episodes
• Agentic Workflows — 2× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Benchmarking — 2× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Generalizability — 2× in this paper · explained in 6 episodes
• Robustness — 2× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Verification — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Abstention — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Agentic AI systems — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Agentic Architecture — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Decode — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Downstream Tasks — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Feature Extraction — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Foundation Model — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Foundation Models — 1× in this paper · explained in 7 episodes
• Human-in-the-Loop — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Instance Segmentation — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• LLM-as-a-Judge — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Technical University of Munich — 1× in this paper

Sources

• M3D: Advancing 3D Medical Image Analysis with Multi-Modal Large Language Models
• The RSNA-ASNR-MICCAI BraTS 2021 Benchmark on Brain Tumor Segmentation and Radiogenomic Classification
• MedRAX: Medical Reasoning Agent for Chest X-ray
• BraTS orchestrator : Democratizing and Disseminating state-of-the-art brain tumor image analysis
• The ASNR-MICCAI Brain Tumor Segmentation (BraTS) Challenge 2023: Intracranial Meningioma
• E3D-GPT: Enhanced 3D Visual Foundation for Medical Vision-Language Model
• A co-evolving agentic AI system for medical imaging analysis
• A Comparison and Evaluation of Fine-tuned Convolutional Neural Networks to Large Language Models for Image Classification and Segmentation of Brain Tumors on MRI
• OmniBrainBench: A Comprehensive Multimodal Benchmark for Brain Imaging Analysis Across Multi-stage Clinical Tasks
• Performance of GPT-5 in Brain Tumor MRI Reasoning
• The 2024 Brain Tumor Segmentation (BraTS) Challenge: Glioma Segmentation on Post-treatment MRI
• Survey on Evaluation of LLM-based Agents

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