DAO to (Anonymous) DAO Transactions
cs.CR, cs.ET
Submitted: 2026-04-06
Updated: 2026-09-09
Code: https://github.com/bitcoin/bips
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
The gist: Blockchain assets are increasingly controlled by organizations rather than individuals.
Terminology
Abstract
Blockchain assets are increasingly controlled by organizations rather than individuals. DAO treasuries, consortium wallets, and custodial exchanges rely on threshold authorization and multi-party key management, yet existing payment mechanisms still target single-user wallets, leaving no unified solution for organizational transfers. We formalize the problem of DAO-to-(anonymous)-DAO transactions and present Dao squared, a framework that enables one threshold-controlled organization to pay another, optionally with recipient anonymity, while keeping received funds under distributed control. Dao squared combines three components: distributed key derivation (DKD) for non-stealth child addresses, distributed stealth-address generation (DSAG) for unlinkable one-time destinations, and for authorization. For ordinary transfers, the receiver derives a non-stealth address via DKD; for anonymous transfers, it derives a stealth address via DSAG. The sender then threshold-signs the payment, and the receiver redeems the funds without reconstructing any master secret. We formally prove its security and evaluate a prototype. The core of an anonymous DAO-to-DAO transaction for a typical-sized (e.g., 7-member) DAO finishes in under 28,ms with about 2.8,KB of communication, and scales linearly with DAO size.
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