Learning Diagnostic Reasoning for Decision Support in Toxicology

arXiv:2603.29608 · cs.CL · Submitted 2026-03-31 · Read on arXiv

cs.CL

Submitted: 2026-03-31

Updated: 2026-09-22

License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/

Terminology

• GRPO — 12× in this paper · explained in 6 episodes
• Reinforcement Learning — 11× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Trace — 6× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Adaptation — 5× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• F1 Score — 4× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• False Positive — 3× in this paper
• Group Relative Policy Optimization — 3× in this paper
• Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) — 3× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Large Language Models (LLMs) — 3× in this paper · explained in 6 episodes
• Reasoning Traces — 3× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Ablation — 2× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• False Negative — 2× in this paper
• True Positive — 2× in this paper
• Ablation Studies — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Accuracy — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• AdamW Optimizer — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Aggregation — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Benchmark — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Data Fusion — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Reinforcement Learning (RL) — 1× in this paper · explained in 25 episodes
• Reward Function — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Vision-Language Models (VLMs) — 1× in this paper · explained in 6 episodes

Sources

• Language Agents for Hypothesis-driven Clinical Decision Making with Reinforcement Learning
• DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning
• MedVLM-R1: Incentivizing Medical Reasoning Capability of Vision-Language Models (VLMs) via Reinforcement Learning
• DAPO: An Open-Source LLM Reinforcement Learning System at Scale
• An Explainable Diagnostic Framework for Neurodegenerative Dementias via Reinforcement-Optimized LLM Reasoning
• Group Sequence Policy Optimization

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