Calibrated Confidence Expression for Radiology Report Generation

arXiv:2603.29492 · cs.CL · Submitted 2026-03-31 · Read on arXiv

cs.CL

Submitted: 2026-03-31

Updated: 2026-09-22

License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/

Terminology

• Calibration — 42× in this paper · explained in 7 episodes
• Reinforcement Learning — 10× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Verification — 8× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Fine-Tuning — 6× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Aggregation — 5× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• GRPO — 5× in this paper · explained in 6 episodes
• Consistency — 3× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Reward Function — 3× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Alignment — 2× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Self-consistency — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Uncertainty Quantification — 2× in this paper · explained in 8 episodes
• Adaptation — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Benchmark — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Expected Calibration Error — 1× in this paper
• Foundation Model — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Generalization — 1× in this paper · explained in 13 episodes
• Group Relative Policy Optimization — 1× in this paper
• Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) — 1× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Hallucination — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Reinforcement Learning (RL) — 1× in this paper · explained in 25 episodes
• Semantic Similarity — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Zero-Shot Transfer — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes

Sources

• The Impact of AI Assistance on Radiology Reporting: A Pilot Study Using Simulated AI Draft Reports
• The Internal State of an LLM Knows When It's Lying
• MAIRA-2: Grounded Radiology Report Generation
• A Vision-Language Foundation Model to Enhance Efficiency of Chest X-ray Interpretation
• MIMIC-CXR-JPG, a large publicly available database of labeled chest radiographs
• Language Models (Mostly) Know What They Know
• Taming Overconfidence in LLMs: Reward Calibration in RLHF
• Generating with Confidence: Uncertainty Quantification for Black-box Large Language Models
• GREEN: Generative Radiology Report Evaluation and Error Notation
• MedGemma Technical Report
• DeepSeekMath: Pushing the Limits of Mathematical Reasoning in Open Language Models
• Rewarding Doubt: A Reinforcement Learning Approach to Calibrated Confidence Expression of Large Language Models
• Calibration in Deep Learning: A Survey of the State-of-the-Art
• Delusions of Large Language Models
• LoVeC: Reinforcement Learning for Better Verbalized Confidence in Long-Form Generations

Related papers

• Exploring Solution Divergence and Its Effect on Large Language Model Problem Solving
• Ishigaki-IDS-Bench: A Benchmark for Generating Information Delivery Specification from BIM Information Requirements
• Subliminal Steering: Stronger Encoding of Hidden Signals
• MedStruct-S: A Benchmark for Key Discovery, Key-Conditioned QA and Semi-Structured Extraction from OCR Clinical Reports
• The End of Transformers? On Challenging Attention and the Rise of Sub-Quadratic Architectures
• Untangling the Mechanisms of Misleading Context in Medical Question Answering