FDARxBench: Benchmarking Regulatory and Clinical Reasoning on FDA Generic Drug Assessment

arXiv:2603.19539 · cs.CL, cs.AI · Submitted 2026-03-20 · Read on arXiv

cs.CL, cs.AI

Submitted: 2026-03-20

Updated: 2026-09-02

Code: https://github.com/xiongbetty/FDARxBench

Terminology

• Benchmark — 38× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Provenance — 20× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Accuracy — 18× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• LLM judge — 11× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Abstention — 9× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Grounding — 9× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Adam — 6× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Cosine Similarity — 6× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Hallucination — 6× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Benchmarking — 4× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Food and Drug Administration — 4× in this paper
• Verification — 3× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Embeddings — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Failure Modes — 2× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Redundancy — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Transformer — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Ablation — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Alignment — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Annotator Agreement — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Consistency — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Contrastive Learning — 1× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Core — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Department of Health and Human Services — 1× in this paper
• Distillation — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Distribution Shift — 1× in this paper · explained in 6 episodes
• F1 Score — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Interpretability — 1× in this paper · explained in 15 episodes
• Large Language Models (LLMs) — 1× in this paper · explained in 6 episodes
• Multi-hop Reasoning — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Physician Labeling Rule — 1× in this paper
• RAG — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Robustness — 1× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Structural Constraints — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Structured Product Labeling — 1× in this paper
• Unified Framework — 1× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes

Sources

• HealthBench: Evaluating Large Language Models Towards Improved Human Health
• OpenScholar: Synthesizing Scientific Literature with Retrieval-augmented LMs
• MedHELM: Holistic Evaluation of Large Language Models for Medical Tasks
• MEDITRON-70B: Scaling Medical Pretraining for Large Language Models
• The Llama 3 Herd of Models
• Unsupervised Dense Information Retrieval with Contrastive Learning
• Ministral 3
• GPT-4o System Card
• MedGemma Technical Report
• OpenAI GPT-5 System Card
• MiniLM: Deep Self-Attention Distillation for Task-Agnostic Compression of Pre-Trained Transformers
• Measuring short-form factuality in large language models
• Qwen3 Technical Report

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