Why Better Cross-Lingual Alignment Fails for Better Cross-Lingual Transfer: Case of Encoders

arXiv:2603.18863 · cs.CL · Submitted 2026-03-19 · Read on arXiv

cs.CL

Submitted: 2026-03-19

Updated: 2026-09-24

Terminology

• Alignment — 115× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Fine-Tuning — 32× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Cross-lingual Transfer — 14× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Embeddings — 7× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Contrastive Learning — 5× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Cosine Similarity — 4× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Transformer — 4× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Accuracy — 3× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Alignment Techniques — 3× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Consistency — 2× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Downstream Tasks — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Information-Theoretic Framework — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Low-Resource Languages — 2× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Robustness — 2× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Zero-Shot Transfer — 2× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Benchmarking — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Catastrophic Forgetting — 1× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Generalization — 1× in this paper · explained in 13 episodes
• Large Language Models (LLMs) — 1× in this paper · explained in 6 episodes
• Multi-objective Optimization — 1× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Representation Learning — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Tokenization — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Transformer Architecture — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes

Sources

• Apertus: Democratizing Open and Compliant LLMs for Global Language Environments
• mmBERT: A Modern Multilingual Encoder with Annealed Language Learning

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