PA3: Policy-Aware Agent Alignment through Chain-of-Thought

arXiv:2603.14602 · cs.CL, cs.AI, cs.LG · Submitted 2026-03-15 · Read on arXiv

cs.CL, cs.AI, cs.LG

Submitted: 2026-03-15

Updated: 2026-08-31

Terminology

• GRPO — 21× in this paper · explained in 6 episodes
• Hallucination — 12× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Chain of Thought — 11× in this paper
• Accuracy — 10× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Alignment — 9× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• LLM-as-a-Judge — 5× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Reinforcement Learning — 5× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Trace — 5× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Verification — 5× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Benchmark — 3× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Ablation — 2× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Aggregation — 2× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Chain-of-Thought (CoT) — 2× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Fine-Tuning — 2× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Ablation study — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Abstraction — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Benchmarking — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Calibration — 1× in this paper · explained in 7 episodes
• Consistency — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Core — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Distillation — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Downstream Tasks — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Embeddings — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Generalization — 1× in this paper · explained in 13 episodes
• Group-Relative Policy Optimization — 1× in this paper
• Human-in-the-Loop — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Iterative Refinement — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Large Language Models (LLMs) — 1× in this paper · explained in 6 episodes
• Nadia — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Online Reinforcement Learning — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Reasoning Traces — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Reward Function — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Reward Hacking — 1× in this paper · explained in 8 episodes
• Scaling Laws — 1× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Self-consistency — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Two-stage training — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Verifiable Rewards — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes

Sources

• DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning
• GanitLLM: Difficulty-Aware Bengali Mathematical Reasoning through Curriculum-GRPO
• A Survey on LLM-as-a-Judge
• Can a Single Model Master Both Multi-turn Conversations and Tool Use? CoALM: A Unified Conversational Agentic Language Model
• Deliberative Alignment: Reasoning Enables Safer Language Models
• Compressed Chain of Thought: Efficient Reasoning Through Dense Representations
• LongCoder: A Long-Range Pre-trained Language Model for Code Completion
• Veri-R1: Toward Precise and Faithful Claim Verification via Online Reinforcement Learning
• APIGen: Automated Pipeline for Generating Verifiable and Diverse Function-Calling Datasets
• DAGGER: Distractor-Aware Graph Generation for Executable Reasoning in Math Problems
• Training language models to follow instructions with human feedback
• Tree-of-Debate: Multi-Persona Debate Trees Elicit Critical Thinking for Scientific Comparative Analysis
• APIGen-MT: Agentic Pipeline for Multi-Turn Data Generation via Simulated Agent-Human Interplay
• Measuring Faithfulness in Chain-of-Thought Reasoning
• ToolRL: Reward is All Tool Learning Needs
• Toolformer: Language Models Can Teach Themselves to Use Tools
• Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithms
• DeepSeekMath: Pushing the Limits of Mathematical Reasoning in Open Language Models
• ActionStudio: A Lightweight Framework for Data and Training of Large Action Models
• Large Language Models are Inconsistent and Biased Evaluators

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