Med-V1: Small Language Models for Zero-shot and Scalable Biomedical Evidence Attribution

arXiv:2603.05308 · cs.CL, cs.AI · Submitted 2026-03-05 · Read on arXiv

cs.CL, cs.AI

Submitted: 2026-03-05

Updated: 2026-09-23

Code: https://github.com/ncbi-nlp/Med-V1

Terminology

• Verification — 67× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Hallucination — 32× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Accuracy — 11× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Benchmark — 9× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Fine-Tuning — 4× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Reinforcement Learning — 4× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Synthetic Data Generation — 4× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Foundation Model — 3× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Hallucination Detection — 3× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• National Center for Biotechnology Information — 3× in this paper
• Reward Function — 3× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Consistency — 2× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• GRPO — 2× in this paper · explained in 6 episodes
• National Library of Medicine — 2× in this paper
• Verifiability — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Actor — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• AdamW Optimizer — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Adaptability — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Alignment — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• American Psychological Association — 1× in this paper
• Artificial Intelligence (AI) — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Downstream Tasks — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Embeddings — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing — 1× in this paper
• Foundation Models — 1× in this paper · explained in 7 episodes
• Generalizability — 1× in this paper · explained in 6 episodes
• Generative AI — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Group Relative Policy Optimization — 1× in this paper
• Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) — 1× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• KL Regularization — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Large Language Models (LLMs) — 1× in this paper · explained in 6 episodes
• Modern Language Association — 1× in this paper
• Program of the National Institutes of Health — 1× in this paper
• Regularization — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Reinforcement Learning (RL) — 1× in this paper · explained in 25 episodes
• Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) — 1× in this paper · explained in 8 episodes
• Trace — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Transformer — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Verifier — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes

Sources

• OpenScholar: Synthesizing Scientific Literature with Retrieval-augmented LMs
• Can Generalist Foundation Models Outcompete Special-Purpose Tuning? Case Study in Medicine
• GPT-4o System Card
• The Llama 3 Herd of Models
• Qwen2.5 Technical Report
• DeepSeekMath: Pushing the Limits of Mathematical Reasoning in Open Language Models
• Enhancing Health Fact-Checking with LLM-Generated Synthetic Data

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