Stellar-mass black holes in young massive and open stellar clusters -- VII. Comparisons with gravitational-wave events until LVK-O4a and Gaia compact binaries

arXiv:2602.09694 · astro-ph.GA, astro-ph.HE · Submitted 2026-02-10 · Read on arXiv

astro-ph.GA, astro-ph.HE

Submitted: 2026-02-10

Updated: 2026-09-05

Comments: 39 pages, 22 figures, 7 tables including Appendix content. Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D; matches the accepted version. See section Data Availability for the corresponding publicly available data and source codes

License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/

Terminology

• Metallicity — 35× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Core — 14× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• N-body simulations — 8× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Mass Segregation — 4× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Adam — 3× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Alignment — 3× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Angular Momentum Transport — 3× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Trace — 3× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Decoupling — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Velocity Dispersion — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• AGN — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Artificial Intelligence (AI) — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Cluster expansion — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Consistency — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Population Synthesis — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes

Sources

• GWTC-3: Compact Binary Coalescences Observed by LIGO and Virgo During the Second Part of the Third Observing Run
• GWTC-4.0: Updating the Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog with Observations from the First Part of the Fourth LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA Observing Run
• Rates of Compact Object Coalescences
• Compact Binary Coalescences: Astrophysical Processes and Lessons Learned
• The Evolution of Massive Stellar Multiplicity in the Field I. Numerical simulations, long-term evolution and final outcomes
• Relativistic Binaries in Globular Clusters
• On stellar-mass black hole mergers in AGN disks detectable with LIGO
• Impact of gas hardening on the population properties of hierarchical black hole mergers in AGN disks
• Massive Stellar Triples Leading to Sequential Binary Black-Hole Mergers in the Field
• Evolution of massive stellar triples and implications for compact object binary formation
• Gravitational-wave sources from mergers of binary black-holes catalyzed by fly-bys interactions in the field
• Compact object binary mergers driven by cluster tides: a new channel for LIGO/Virgo gravitational wave events
• Close Encounters of Wide Binaries Induced by the Galactic Tide: Implications for Stellar Mergers and Gravitational-Wave Sources
• One Channel to Rule Them All? Constraining the Origins of Binary Black Holes using Multiple Formation Pathways
• GWTC-4.0: Population Properties of Merging Compact Binaries
• Evidence for Three Subpopulations of Merging Binary Black Holes at Different Primary Masses
• Stellar-mass black holes in star clusters: implications for gravitational wave radiation
• Mergers and ejections of black holes in globular clusters
• Stellar-mass black holes in young massive and open stellar clusters and their role in gravitational-wave generation
• Merging black holes in young star clusters

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