An evidence-guided reinforcement learning method to improve psychiatric reasoning in small language models

arXiv:2602.06449 · cs.CL · Submitted 2026-02-06 · Read on arXiv

cs.CL

Submitted: 2026-02-06

Updated: 2026-08-31

Comments: 28 pages, 4 figures

License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/

Terminology

• Accuracy — 29× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• GRPO — 21× in this paper · explained in 6 episodes
• Benchmark — 12× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Alignment — 8× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Reinforcement Learning — 7× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Core — 5× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Consistency — 4× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Robustness — 4× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Fine-Tuning — 3× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Hallucination — 3× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Large Language Models (LLMs) — 3× in this paper · explained in 6 episodes
• Supervised Fine-Tuning — 3× in this paper
• Adaptation — 2× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Generalization — 2× in this paper · explained in 13 episodes
• Aggregation — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Causal Reasoning — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Clinical Psychiatry Thinking Strategy — 1× in this paper
• GRPO Objective — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Generalizability — 1× in this paper · explained in 6 episodes
• Grounding — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Instruction Tuning — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) — 1× in this paper · explained in 9 episodes
• Objective Function — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Redundancy — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Regularization — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Reinforcement Learning (RL) — 1× in this paper · explained in 25 episodes
• Semantic Similarity — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Structured Reasoning — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) — 1× in this paper · explained in 8 episodes
• Two-stage training — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes

Sources

• Psyche-R1: Towards Reliable Psychological LLMs through Unified Empathy, Expertise, and Reasoning
• MiraMind: Benchmarking Reliable Mental Health Reasoning beyond Answer Accuracy
• From Stimuli to Minds: Enhancing Psychological Reasoning in LLMs via Bilateral Reinforcement Learning

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