PsyCLIENT: Client Simulation via Conversational Trajectory Modeling for Trainee Practice and Model Evaluation in Mental Health Counseling
cs.CL
Submitted: 2026-01-12
Updated: 2026-09-07
Comments: Accepted to EMNLP 2026 (Main Conference)
Code: https://github.com/qiuhuachuan/PsyCLIENT
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
The gist: LLM-based client simulation provides a scalable approach to novice counselor training, counseling-dialogue synthesis, and interactive evaluation of automated counseling systems.
Terminology
Abstract
LLM-based client simulation provides a scalable approach to novice counselor training, counseling-dialogue synthesis, and interactive evaluation of automated counseling systems. However, existing approaches are limited by insufficient profile diversity, weak behavioral grounding, and the lack of open Chinese-language resources for simulated counseling clients. We propose PsyCLIENT, a framework that conditions simulated-client responses on client profiles, dialogue histories, and conversational trajectories specifying target behaviors and content constraints at each client turn. We also construct PsyCLIENT-CP, a dataset of 120 Chinese client profiles spanning 60 counseling topics. Evaluations involving 24 professional counselors show that PsyCLIENT receives higher ratings of perceived authenticity and training utility than the comparison methods. In a separate source-identification study, PsyCLIENT dialogues were more frequently misclassified as human-client interactions than those generated by the baselines. These results suggest that conversational trajectory modeling can transform static client profiles into behavior-guided, dynamically unfolding counseling interactions.
Sources
- DeepSeek-V3 Technical Report
- DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning
- GPT-4o System Card
- Interactive Agents: Simulating Counselor-Client Psychological Counseling via Role-Playing LLM-to-LLM Interactions
- Towards a Client-Centered Assessment of LLM Therapists by Client Simulation
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