JuDi: Revisiting Judge Decoding from First Principles via Training-Free Distributional Divergence

arXiv:2601.04766 · cs.CL · Submitted 2026-01-08 · Read on arXiv

cs.CL

Submitted: 2026-01-08

Updated: 2026-09-27

Terminology

• Speculative Decoding — 23× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Verification — 19× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Accuracy — 15× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Benchmark — 10× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Alignment — 9× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Aggregation — 7× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Robustness — 5× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Domain Shift — 4× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Generalization — 4× in this paper · explained in 13 episodes
• Adam — 3× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Transformer — 3× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Verifier — 3× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Computational overhead — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Consistency — 2× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Embeddings — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Aleatoric Uncertainty — 1× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Core — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Distribution Shift — 1× in this paper · explained in 6 episodes
• Fidelity — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Kullback-Leibler (KL) Divergence — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• LLM-as-a-Judge — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Large Language Models (LLMs) — 1× in this paper · explained in 6 episodes
• Redundancy — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Reinforcement Learning — 1× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Test-time Scaling — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes

Sources

• Medusa: Simple LLM Inference Acceleration Framework with Multiple Decoding Heads
• Accelerating Large Language Model Decoding with Speculative Sampling
• Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problems
• DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning
• R2R: Efficiently Navigating Divergent Reasoning Paths with Small-Large Model Token Routing
• Break the Sequential Dependency of LLM Inference Using Lookahead Decoding
• The Llama 3 Herd of Models
• A Survey on LLM-as-a-Judge
• EAGLE-3: Scaling up Inference Acceleration of Large Language Models via Training-Time Test
• SuffixDecoding: Extreme Speculative Decoding for Emerging AI Applications
• OpenAI o1 System Card
• Scaling Up, Speeding Up: A Benchmark of Speculative Decoding for Efficient LLM Test-Time Scaling
• Qwen3 Technical Report
• SelfJudge: Faster Speculative Decoding via Self-Supervised Judge Verification
• Reject Only Critical Tokens: Pivot-Aware Speculative Decoding

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