How significant is the lensing interpretation of GW231123?

arXiv:2512.19118 · astro-ph.GA, astro-ph.CO, gr-qc · Submitted 2025-12-22 · Read on arXiv

astro-ph.GA, astro-ph.CO, gr-qc

Submitted: 2025-12-22

Updated: 2026-09-23

Terminology

• Microlensing — 10× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Transformer — 10× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Gravitational Lensing — 6× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Singular Isothermal Sphere — 3× in this paper
• Accuracy — 2× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Degeneracy — 2× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Abundance — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Calibration — 1× in this paper · explained in 7 episodes
• Core — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Generalization — 1× in this paper · explained in 13 episodes
• Weak Lensing — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes

Sources

• Directed searches for gravitational waves from ultralight vector boson clouds around merger remnant and galactic black holes during the first part of the fourth LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA observing run
• Ultralight boson constraints from gravitational wave observations of spinning binary black holes
• Discovering gravitational waveform distortions from lensing: A deep dive into GW231123
• GW231123: Binary Black Hole Merger or Cosmic String?
• GW231123: A Possible Primordial Black Hole Origin
• Lectures on Gravitational Lensing
• Across the Universe: GW231123 as a magnified and diffracted black hole merger
• GW231123: Overlapping Gravitational Wave Signals?
• Assembling GW231123 in star clusters through the combination of stellar binary evolution and hierarchical mergers
• Is GW231123 a hierarchical merger?
• GW231123: extreme spins or microglitches?
• The Hierarchical Merger Scenario for GW231123
• Hierarchical Black Hole Mergers in Nuclear Star Clusters: A Combined Dynamical-Secular Channel for GW231123-like Events
• Shadows of the Colossus: Hierarchical Black Hole Mergers in a 10-million-body Globular Cluster Simulation
• Spin Precession Signatures as an Indicator of Microlensing in Strongly Lensed Gravitational Waves
• GW231123 ringdown: interpretation as multimodal Kerr signal
• From Stars to Waves: Stochastic Inference of Microlensed Gravitational Waves
• On the use and interpretation of signal-model indistinguishability measures for gravitational-wave astronomy
• Attention Is All You Need

Related papers

• Apparent Stability in Self-Gravitating Turbulence and the Evolution of Molecular Clouds
• Two sets of potential-density basis pairs for the study of radial perturbations in collisionless spherical stellar systems
• Constraining reionization-era Ly alpha escape with JELS-MUSE: a highly complete H alpha-selected sample at z about6.1
• Deriving volume density profiles of filaments from observed surface densities
• Little Red Dots and Supermassive Black Hole Seed Formation in Ultralight Dark Matter Halos
• MEGATRON: how the first stars can create an iron metallicity plateau in the smallest dwarf galaxies